Purpose: This paper introduces a green and simple hydrothermal synthesis to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from walnut oil with a high quantum yield. In addition, cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of the CQDs were analyzed on human cancer cell lines.Methods: The optical properties and morphological characteristic were investigated by the TEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis and photoluminescence (PL).The cytotoxic potential of walnut CQDs was evaluated on PC3, MCF-7 and HT-29 human carcinoma cell lines using the MTT methods. The mechanism of action was studied by investigating the mode of cell death using the activation of caspase-3 and 9 as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Cellular uptake of the CQDs was detected by fluorescence microscope. CQDs had an average size of 12 nm and a significant emission at 420 nm at an excitation wavelength of 350 nm was recorded.Results: The prepared CQDs possessed a good fluorescent quantum yield of 14.5% with quinine sulfate (quantum yield 54%) as a reference and excellent photo as well as pH stabilities. The walnut CQDs were proved to be an extremely potent cytotoxic agent, especially against MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines. Induction of apoptosis by CQDs was accompanied by an increase in the activation of caspase-3. Caspase-9 activity did not increase after exposure to the CQDs. Additionally; the MMP did not show any significant loss.Conclusion: The results of our study can corroborate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of walnut CQDs in the PC3 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Obesity is a well-known risk factor for a variety of gastrointestinal disorders (GID). <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is associated with different GID, such as gastric cancer and chronic gastritis. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of dominant genotypes in <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i> isolated from obese patients diagnosed with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and gastric cancer. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 222 <i>H</i>. <i>pylori</i>-positive samples were collected from patients with obesity. GID and gastric cancer were identified by endoscopy and histopathology, respectively. Three biopsy specimens from the gastric antrum were obtained from each patient for culture tests, histological examination, and identification of vacuolating cytotoxin A (<i>vacA</i>) (<i>vacA</i> s1, <i>vacA</i> s2, <i>vacA</i> m1, <i>vacA</i> m2, <i>vacA</i> s1m1 <i>vacA</i> s1m2, <i>vacA</i> s2m1<i>,</i> and <i>vacA</i> s2m2), <i>cagA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, <i>iceA1</i>, <i>oipA</i>, <i>dupA</i>, and <i>babA2</i> using polymerase chain reaction. <b><i>Results:</i></b> <i>vacA</i>, <i>cagE</i>, <i>cagA</i>, <i>iceA1</i>, <i>oipA</i>, <i>dupA</i>, and <i>babA2</i> genes were detected in 222 (100%), 171 (77%), 161 (72.5%), 77 (34.6%), 77 (34.6%), 137 (61%), and 69 (31%) patients with obesity, respectively. Our findings revealed that <i>vacA</i>, <i>iceA1</i>, <i>oipA</i>, and <i>babA2</i> were significantly associated with a higher risk of GID, while <i>cagE</i>, <i>cagA</i>, and <i>dupA</i> indicated no correlation with the development of GID. Also, in the combination of s- and m-region genotypes, s1m2 (79%) was the most frequently identified genotype in patients with obesity. A significant association was also found between <i>cagA</i> and the presence of <i>vacA</i> genotypes (except for <i>vacA m1</i> and <i>babA2</i>). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study indicated the high prevalence of different virulence genes in <i>H. pylori</i> isolated from obese patients and supported the significant role of <i>H. pylori</i> in the development of GID.

The rate of diabetes as a cause of disease burden has increased over time. Psychological well being could be considered as an important factor in improving of chronic disease management and decrease of mortality and morbidity of disease. Despite, increasing of Diabetes and its burden in Iran, there is a few researches about psychological aspects of treatment. The aim of this study was identifying of psychological contributing factors in determination of psychological well being in Iranian diabetic patients. Methods-This cross-sectional study was done in 350 diabetic patients that hospitalized for diabetes or related problems. The questionnaire`s survey was assessed presence of depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-HADS), family behaviors (Diabetes Specific Family Support-DSFS), quality of life (Iranian Diabetes QOL), self care (Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire) and mental health (General Health Questionnaire-GHQ). For analysis of data, we used Descriptive statistics, correlation and Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). P-value less 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results-About 2/3 of participants had depression and anxiety. Anxiety, depression and non supportive behaviors had negative correlation with well being, quality of life and self care. Increasing of anxiety and depression was decreased the well being about 50% and 65%, respectively. Being single would be decrease the mental well being about 2.5 times. Conclusion-The results of recent study support the recommendation to assess psychological well-being in patients with diabetes as one part of diabetes management.