Tobacco smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke are a major threat to human health worldwide. The effort to prevent tobacco use should be regarded as an important public health strategy. Given the significance of religion and spirituality in the daily life of more than 90% of the world's population, the relationship of religion and smoking should be seen as a critical research area. Religions are many and varied, but most value human well-being highly and so do not approve of tobacco use, even though they do not prohibit it entirely. In recent years, researchers have shown more interest in the subject of religion and health, including drug and tobacco use. Differences of focus and methodology notwithstanding, most studies have ascertained a deterrent role for religion as regards tobacco use, and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the negative relationship between religion or spirituality and smoking. Many of the studies, however, suffer from shortcomings that need to be acknowledged and addressed, such as using nonstandard data-gathering tools, lack of a unified definition of religion or spirituality, and paucity of research in non-Christian and developing countries. Finally, the cross-sectional nature of many of the studies makes the meaningful interpretation of findings difficult.
Backgrounds:Many socio cultural variables could be affect eating disorders in Asian countries. In Iran, there are few researches regarding eating disorders and their contributing factors. The aim of this study is to explore frequency of eating disorders and their risk factors in an Iranian population.Materials and Methods:About 1204 participants were selected aged between fourteen to 55 years. Frequency of eating disorders and effects of variables such as demographic characteristics, Body Mass Index (BMI), use of media, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, social comparison and social pressure for thinness in individuals with and without eating disorders, were assessed.Findings:The prevalence of eating disorders was 11.5% that included 0.8% anorexia nervosa, 6.2% full threshold bulimia nervosa, 1.4% sub threshold anorexia nervosa and 30% sub threshold binge eating disorder. Symptoms of bulimic syndrome were greater in males.Conclusion:In Iran, eating disorders and related problems are new issue that could be mentioned seriously The identification of these disorders and their related contributing factors are necessity of management and preventive programs planning.
Although the psychometric properties of one of the seven items of the inventory were to some extent unsatisfactory, the overall reliability and validity of the questionnaire were acceptable.
Women's sexual dysfunction after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment has received little research attention in Iran (I.R). Our goal was to identify sexual dysfunction and its related factors in Iranian women after diagnosis of breast cancer. A sample of 82 female breast cancer survivors seen for routine follow-up appointment from March 2006 to March 2007 completed a survey questionnaire regarding their sexual experiences, body image perception and opinion about sex after cancer diagnosis and treatment. The various aspects of sexual function that were disturbed was related to factors such as age, marital status, body image perception, and perceived husband's attitude. The authors conclude that healthcare workers' education is very important, so taking time to do research and passing along knowledge will go a long way in helping to address sexual disturbances in breast cancer survivor in our community.
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