Studies conducted as part of the Federal target program "Research and Development in Priority Directions for the Development of the Russian Science and Technology Complex for 2014-2020", showed high efficiency of interaction of calculated norms of mineral fertilizers with modern bioagents RECB-50B, RECB-95B and adaptogenic drugs. At the same time, the actual yield of spring rapeseed of the Gedemin variety exceeds the planned one (3 t/ha) by 9.3-12.3 %, respectively, the chemical load on the environment is reduced and the cost of production of oilseeds is reduced.
The research was carried out to study the productivity and adaptability of sunflower hybrids SI Chester, Rosetta, Arco, Alcantara, SI Avenger, NK Fortimi, Suomi HTS, Suzuka HTS in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were carried out in 2020-2021 on the basis of the Agrobiotechnopark (Narmonka village of the Laishevsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan), laboratory analyses were carried out at the Agroecological Research Center of the Kazan State Agrarian University. According to the research results, it was found that Fortimi and Avenger hybrids differed in plant safety before harvesting and in height (99.8% and 172 and 166 cm, respectively). According to these indicators, it can be concluded that Fortimi and Avenger hybrids are more adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. In field experiments, a direct correlation was observed between the number and mass of weed plants and the height of sunflower plants. The least contamination was on tall crops of the Fortimi hybrid (5.2 pcs/m2 and 4.1 g/m2, respectively). The hybrids Fortimi and Avenger also differed in the structure of the crop. So, according to the hybrids, the largest diameter of the basket was 13.5 and 12.0 cm and the largest mass of 1000 seeds was 70.7 and 68.4 g, respectively. Four of the six hybrids studied showed very high yield results. In the experiments, the following yield indicators were obtained: Alcantara (3.29 t/ha), Fortimi (2.46 t/ha) and Rosetta (2.32 t/ha). These hybrids provided a gross harvest of oilseeds by 1.29; 0.46; 0.32 t/ha, respectively, higher than the planned yield of 2.0 t/ha.
In recent years, fertilizers and biological products are widely used for cultivating perennial grasses to form highly productive agrocenoses and reduce the cost of feed. The issues of the use of biologically active substances for pre-sowing seeds of perennial herbs in combination with leaf fertilizing are of great practical importance. In the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region, the pre-sowing seed treatment with Azotovite 2 kg/t in combination with leaf treatment with Flavobacterine 4 l/ha depending provided an additional yield of 2.5–4.8 t/ha of green mass with a content of 440–960 feed units. The effect of the above biological products is equivalent to the application of 70–88 kg/ha of mineral fertilizers and cost savings in the amount of 1.5–1.9 thousand rubles/ha.
Research with the aim of developing and implementing highly effective methods of surface improvement of floodplain meadows with partial preservation of old herbage and sowing of new perennial grasses based on the widespread use of modern integrated agricultural machines and implements was carried out in 2016-2020 in the Republic of Tatarstan. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: processing of the sod of the floodplain meadow (factor A) – without processing; disking BDN 4 ×4 + flat-cutting processing to a depth of 22 ...24 cm KPG-2-150; processing with a universal cultivator-planar cutter with piercing action harrows (KPU-5,4) of the Perm Machine-Building Plant; processing with a cultivator-planar cutter equipped with a perforating action harrow (KPBL-3) of the Kazan State Agrarian University design; sowing of perennial grasses and mineral fertilizers (factor B) – without sowing and without fertilizers; sowing of alfalfa-stalk grass mixture at the rate of 12 kg/ha (6 million pcs/ha of germinating seeds) in combination with annual application in spring N45P20K45. The control was a natural grass stand without processing, without sowing and without applying mineral fertilizers. The results of the research have shown high efficiency of the complex application of the following agrotechnical techniques: layer-by-layer tillage using a cultivator-planer equipped with a perforating action harrow (KPBL-3), sowing seeds of perennial grasses and annual spring fertilizing N45P20K45. At the same time, the yield of the green mass of the floodplain meadow increases by 2.74 times compared to the original herbage, the profitability of feed production is 73.6%, the cost price is reduced to 6910 rubles. at the selling price for 1000 feed units, 12,000 rubles. The total energy costs for surface improvement of the floodplain meadow increase from 18.4 in the control variant to 21.6 GJ/ha, however, the accumulation of exchange energy in feed outstrips these costs by 3.2 times.
The research was carried out to study the productivity and adaptability of hybrids of spring rapeseed KWS Ethnos KL, Jazz KWS, Joshua KWS, Jungle KWS, KWS Jarus, Jerome on gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were carried out in 2021-2022 on the basis of Agrobiotechnopark LLC (Narmonka village, Laishevsky municipal District of the Republic of Tatarstan), laboratory analyses were carried out at the Agroecological Research Center of the Kazan State Agrarian University. According to the research results, it was found that according to the field germination of 6 compared variants of spring rapeseed, the hybrid Dnarus differed (field germination - 74%), this variant also had the highest seedling growth rate – 0.18 g/plant. In terms of resistance to pests and diseases, the hybrids Jarus and Jazz differed. Thus, according to these variants, the total number of affected plants from the total number of seedlings was minimal and amounted to 30.8 and 31.5%, respectively. On the same variants, there was maximum safety (38.4 and 36.5 pcs. m2) and plant height (128 and 119 cm). The formation of tall hybrids of Jarus and Jazz contributed to a decrease in the contamination of crops. In these variants, there was a minimum number of weeds – 7.6 and 7.9 pcs/m2, respectively. When analyzing the structure of the crop, the maximum indicators for all studied parameters were also in the hybrids Jarus and Jas, which ultimately contributed to the formation of maximum yields – 4.11 and 3.61 t/ha, respectively, for hybrids.
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