Technique and Technology of Surface Improvement of Floodplain Meadows of the Republic of Tatarstan

Self Cite

The formation of the agro-industrial complex and ensuring the country’s food security in the current geopolitical conditions is possible only on the basis of strengthening and developing its material and technical base, which over the years of institutional reforms has largely become dependent on imported equipment and technologies. The withdrawal from the Russian market of suppliers of imported agricultural machinery from unfriendly countries, as a result of sanctions imposed by Western countries, provoked an increase in prices for it, which led to a reduction in the provision of basic types of agricultural machinery to agricultural producers. Thus, in 2021, the provision of agricultural organizations in the country with tractors was 3.5 times lower, and with grain harvesters 3.2 times lower than the average for 1980-1990, which indicates a steady downward trend in the provision of agricultural producers with material and technical resources. Domestic machine builders and manufacturers of agricultural machinery are not yet able to ensure the production and supply to the agricultural sector of the required number of high-performance, energy-rich and inexpensive agricultural machines and mechanisms. The current state of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex requires its significant strengthening, which is impossible without adjusting the existing agricultural policy of the state in the direction of allocating significant additional budgetary funds for the development of the material and technical base of the agro-industrial complex, restoring soil fertility, domestic agricultural engineering, improving selection and seed production , eliminating the disparity in prices for agricultural and industrial goods, ensuring the technological and technical independence of the Russian agro-industrial complex from other countries. It is also necessary to improve the work of regional authorities to strengthen the material and technical base of agricultural units in their regions, to create effective mechanisms for public-private partnerships to improve the efficiency of agricultural producers.

unclassified

Development of the Material and Technical Base of Agro-Industrial Complex in the Context of Foreign Economic Sanctions

Khafizov,

Valiev,

Mukhametgaliev

et al. 2023

Self Cite

Working Unit of the Flat Cutter-Subsoiler of Fertilizer

Maksimov

Vasiliev²,

Vasil'ev

et al. 2023

The factor of preserving the fertile soil layer is most relevant on sloping lands, since streams formed by melt water and precipitation wash out nutrients and humus, and also destroy the soil surface. To prevent these processes, anti-erosion working units are used. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of soil tillage by the working unit of a flat-cutter-subsoiler of a fertilizer with the simultaneous application of granular fertilizers on its filtration properties. The work was carried out at the control site located in the Chuvash Republic. The soil is loamy. The depth of tillage and application of granular fertilizers was 30 cm. As granular fertilizers, they used - granulated manure, presented on the market and used by agricultural enterprises in crop production. The filtration coefficient, porosity, and bulk density of the soil were determined. Since the subsurface cutter tills the soil without turning the layer, samples were taken in different layers of the cut layer according to GOST R 58595–2019. The filtration coefficient, which determines the ability of the soil to absorb and pass moisture, averaged 96.2 cm per day, which can be considered a good result (for loams 20 ... 100 cm per day). The porosity was 54.3% (satisfactory condition - 50 ... 55%, excellent - 55 ... 65%), the bulk density of the soil - an average of 1.05 g/cm3 (loose or freshly plowed - 1.0 ... 1.2 g / cm3). In general, after soil cultivation by the working unit of the fertilizer subsoiler with the simultaneous application of granular fertilizers, the filtration properties of the soil correspond to generally accepted reference values.

Employment and Unemployment in Agriculture of the North Caucasus Federal District

Tolmachev,

Gadzhimirzoev,

Shaylieva

2023

The results of the analysis indicate that over the past three decades, the dairy farming industry in our country has undergone significant changes. For the period from 1990 to 2021, in general, throughout the Russian Federation there was a reduction in the number of cows by 12 773.3 thousand heads or 62.1%. Despite the increase in milk productivity of cows in farms of all categories in the Russian Federation by 2257 kg or 82.7%, milk production in 2021 amounted to 58% of production volumes in 1990, and in Kostroma region, milk production in farms of all categories decreased by 249.7 thousand tons or by 68.9%. According to the Federal State Statistics Service, consumption of milk and dairy products per capita in the Russian Federation in 2021 compared to 1990 decreased by 146 kg or 37.7% and amounted to 241 kg per person per year, which is below the recommended consumption rate Ministry of Health of Russia. The level of self-sufficiency in milk and dairy products (in terms of milk) in 2021 was 84.2% (with a food security threshold of at least 90%). Kostroma region, subject to the effective use of vast land resources, the use of innovative technologies for keeping and feeding animals, can significantly increase production indicators in dairy cattle breeding. Fundamental changes in the industry are possible only on the basis of an integrated approach on the part of all interested participants and the effective use of regional and federal support, a flexible system of state planning and regulation, ensuring stimulation of the production activities of organizations and saturation of the market with competitive dairy products.