Water scarcity is a major concern for sunflower production in the semi-arid and arid regions of the world. Potassium (K) application has been found effective to alleviate the influence of drought stress; however, the impact of drought stress on seed quality of sunflower has not been reported frequently. Therefore, a field experiment was performed to determine the optimum K requirement for mitigating the adverse effects of water stress and improving growth and seed quality of spring-planted sunflower. Sunflower plants were exposed to water stress at different growth stages, i.e., Io = no stress (normal irrigation), I1 = pre-anthesisi stress (irrigation skipped at pre-anthesis stage), I2 = anthesis stress (irrigation skipped at anthesis stage) and I3 = post-anthesis stress (irrigation skipped at post-anthesis stage). Potassium was applied at four different rates, i.e., Ko = 0, K1 = 50, K2 = 100 and K3 = 150 kg ha-1. The results revealed that water stress at pre- and post-anthesis stages significantly reduced plant height, head diameter, number of achenes, oleic acid contents, and phosphorus (P) uptake. However, pre-anthesis stress improved linoleic acid contents. Treatment IoK3 (stress-free with 150 kg ha-1 K) was optimum combination for 1000-achene weight, biological and achene yields, oil contents, protein contents, and N and P uptake. Results indicated that a higher amount of K and irrigation resulted in higher yield, whereas yield and yield components decreased with early-stage water stress. Nevertheless, potassium application lowered the impacts of waters stress compared to no application. Keeping in view these results, it is recommended that sunflower must be supplied 150 kg ha-1 K in arid and semi-arid regions to achieve higher yield and better seed quality.

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Recently approved variety of sugarcane CPF-248 was grown at agriculture farms of Fatima Sugar Mills, Muzaffargarh, Pakistan. The experiment site was located at Latitude 30°17 0 52.58 00 N and Longitude 70°57 0 44.31 00 E. This experiment was conducted to sort out a suitable fertilizer timing schedule being practiced in the area. This promising variety was evaluated for inorganic N, P and K at different growth stages throughout the year. Each fertilizer treatment had 60 m long 3 rows at random. Center to center distance of each row was 1.35 m which makes total plot size of 1215 m 2 . Three budded cane sets were prepared and dipped in 0.25% solution of Thiophinate methyl. After hot water treating at 52°C for 30 min cane sets were sown in 8 in. deep furrows and buried with almost 1 in. thin layer of soil. There were 5 treatments and each treatment had 3 replications, the experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Qualitative and quantitative parameters i.e. germination% age, no. of tillers, stem elongation rate, stem girth, sucrose contents and yield were recorded and periodic trend of these traits were plotted. Significant (P 6 0.05) differences of fertilizer treatments on yield and yield contributing factors were validated. Studied variety responded significantly not only from miller's and breeder's point of view but also from sugarcane grower's point of view. T 2 was comparatively least significant while T 4 was

The study indicates the impact of Brand Image on Customer Loyalty with the Mediating Role of Customer satisfaction and Brand Awareness. A questionnaire is filled by the 300 respondents that are selected through non-probability to measure customer satisfaction and their loyalty to their favorite Brand. The respondent filed the questionnaire according to their favorite brand. In the study 22 statements and 5 points, Likert Scaled survey questionnaire was filled by the 300 respondents. The results were made by using different methods. The result is based on the statistics test which displays that the Image of the brand and customer Loyalty is very significant with Customer Satisfaction and Brand Awareness, but Brand Image is insignificant with Brand Awareness. The result is analyzed through SPSS software for statistical analysis. The study was conducted within a short time and within the limited resources due to the pandemic attack of the COVID-19. In the future study, the major topic is recommended due to the current situation in the world due to the pandemic attack of the COVID-19 impact of any pandemic diseases on customer loyalty. JEL Classification Codes: M31, M39.

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S ugarcane is an imperious sugar crop of Pakistan and it has a contribution of 0.6% in GDP and 2.9% in the value added by the agriculture sector (GoP, 2020). Pakistan ranks at 5 th position regarding the area of production, whilst, it occupies 8 th position regarding the production amid the 104 sugarcane producing countries worldwide (FAO, 2017). The average sugarcane yield of Pakistan is 55.6 t ha -1 that is quite lower than other advanced countries i.e.,

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