The photocatalytic reactors can operate using catalyst suspended in the solution or immobilized on various supports. Photocatalytic reactors with suspended catalyst give much better contact between the photocatalyst and dissolved impurities comparing to reactors with immobilized catalyst. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2) is a promising photocatalyst, when exposed to sunlight or UV rays, it decomposes the phenol present in wastewater. The available reactors are not so efficient in terms of light contact pattern. The aim of the present study was to design the new reactor and analyze its performance for removal of phenol from water with Titanium dioxide as the photocatalyst. The various parameters were studied to observe the behavior of designed reactor like variations in the initial feed concentration of phenol, mass of catalyst, and change in the intensity of UV light & its source, and aeration of the system. The reactor performance was evaluated on the basis on change in concentration with respect to time. The performance of the reactor was studied by running the reactor in fluidized state for a known feed concentration of phenol. The designed reactor has given a better degradation of phenol up to 95.27 % within one hours of time, which when compared to existing conversion of 94 % in two hours.
Extraction is a common separation technique in major chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and it has traditionally been a recommended method for separating active ingredients. The objectives of this research work were to optimize extraction conditions for the separation of derivatives of anthraquinone compounds, especially Aloe Emodin (AE) from Aloe-Vera latex (AVL) using the tool response surface methodology (RSM). This study used three process variables at different levels (20 experimental design runs) proposed by RSM with central composite design (CCD). Multiple regression analysis was used to produce a quadratic polynomial equation to predict extraction condition. The significant effects of the components were investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The first series of single factor studies determined the range of independent variables, including extraction temperature (60-80°C), agitation speed (750-1250 rpm), and solid loading (10-20 gm). Based on the outcomes of single factor trials, the actual values of the independent variables coded were chosen. The optimum conditions for extraction variables for AE were found to be 77.66 °C (±1 °C), 1015 rpm (±10 rpm), and 20.15 gm (±0.01 gm). The maximum experimental purity of AE attained under these optimized settings was 95.36 percent, which was quite near to projected values.
Reactive extraction of gluconic acid (GA) from aqueous solutions was investigated using trioctylamine (TOA) as extractant in the presence of benzyl alcohol (BA) and 1-decanol (DE) as diluents. Physical extraction of GA with pure diluents in the absence of TOA was found to be poor. Reactive extraction with an aminediluent mixture enhanced the separation process. Higher extraction efficiencies and distribution coefficients were achieved in the presence of BA as compared to DE. Further optimization studies were carried out to determine the synergistic effect of amine/diluent ratio. Loading ratios higher than 0.5 suggested 3:1 complex formation of GA with the amine. A reactive extraction mechanism of GA in TOA was proposed, and the equilibrium complexation constant was determined.
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