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Intrusion detection systems plays a pivotal role in detecting malicious activities that denigrate the performance of the network. Mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a form of wireless network that can transfer data without any need of infrastructure for their operation. A more novel paradigm of networking, namely Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged recently which can be considered as a superset to the afore mentioned paradigms. Their distributed nature and the limited resources available, present a considerable challenge for providing security to these networks. The need for an intrusion detection system (IDS) that can acclimate with such challenges is of extreme significance. Previously, we proposed a cross layer-based IDS with two layers of detection. It uses a heuristic approach which is based on the variability of the correctly classified instances (CCIs), which we refer to as the accumulated measure of fluctuation (AMoF). The current, proposed IDS is composed of two stages; stage one collects data through dedicated sniffers (DSs) and generates the CCI which is sent in a periodic fashion to the super node (SN), and in stage two the SN performs the linear regression process for the collected CCIs from different DSs in order to differentiate the benign from the malicious nodes. In this work, the detection characterization is presented for different extreme scenarios in the network, pertaining to the power level and node velocity for two different mobility models: Random way point (RWP), and Gauss Markov (GM). Malicious activity used in the work are the blackhole and the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Detection rates are in excess of 98% for high power/node velocity scenarios while they drop to around 90% for low power/node velocity scenarios.

o r g e r a e r c h e informatique de M o n t r t a l (CRIM) MontrCal, C o m m u n i c a t i o n s Systems GroupABSTRACT In several speech recognition tasks, Maximum Mutual Information estimation (MMIE) of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) parameters can substantially improve recognition results [1,2]. However, it I S usually implemented using ally Practical rec gradient descent, which can have very slow convergence. Recently, Gopalakrishnan et nl [3] intr a reestimation More recently, a different formula for discrete HMMs which s to rational mutual information estimation (M objcctive functions (like t!ie M M I E c 1. We analyze 151. T h e objective function used in the formula and show how its convergence rate can be substantially improved. We introduce our "corrective MMIE training" algorithm, which, when applied to the TI/NIST connected digit database, has allowed us to reduce our string error rate by close to 50%. We extend Gopalakrishnan's result to the continuous case by proposing a new formula for estimating the mean and variance parameters of diagonal Gaussian densities. not intuitively obvious how (1) relates t reducing the error rate. It can be shown assumPtions are met, decoder. However, thes MMIE increases the posteriori proba is also the criterion used in '

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Although the hippocampal theta rhythm is thought to be linked to memory processes, its mechanism of action is unknown. Furthermore, the hippocampus forms strong connections with a functionally similar structure, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The midline thalamus appears to be an intermediate between these two structures. We recorded neurons of a midline nucleus (nucleus reuniens, RE) during theta and non-theta states. Additionally, we recorded hippocampal CA1 population responses to RE stimulation. RE cell firing patterns are classified as (i) spike rate response to stimulation (ii) determination of bursting events (iii) coherence estimation between hippocampal EEG and RE response to stimulation (within the theta frequency band of 5 - 12 Hz). The present data suggests an increase in RE spike rate due to tail pinch elicited theta activity, with no evidence of bursting activity and a weak coherence within the theta band. Furthermore, we evaluated evoked excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the hippocampal CA1 to RE stimulation, as well as entorhinal cortex (EC) stimulation. We demonstrated a consistent reduction in evoked potential (EP) latency at CA1 to RE and EC stimulation during theta compared to non-theta states.

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