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In recent years, innovation is an important factor for developing organizations in a highly competitive world. Most scholars agree on the positive effect of the innovation on organization, and there are a few studies on the subject. The goal of this paper is to shed light on the definitions, types, importance and how to manage innovation. Through the review of relevant literature, this study intends to deepen our understanding of the theme and provide a comprehensive review of previous research.

The theory and practice of competency approach has remained significant even decades after its conception. However despite its omnipresence, its validity has been repeatedly questioned. For it to be a truly useful tool, these criticisms and their roots must be critically analyzed to identify improvement measures. To find the solutions, a proper analysis of the competency subject must be first conducted. This paper aims to revisit the prevailing competency theories and backgrounds, with the intention to identify gaps and propose corrective measures. This paper starts by reviewing the theoretical foundations underpinning the competency approach, its origins, frameworks and key criticisms. Based on the reviews, it was found that the approach suffers two limitations. Firstly, its frameworks tend to be bias towards achieving utilitarian objective whereby definition of competent managers is limited to their contribution to organizational economic performance. Secondly, its research were mainly conducted from the positivistic lenses which over-simply the complex nature of managerial work. Based on these findings, the author then proposes epistemological and ideological turns that researchers should consider in researching the competency subject.

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For a country to support the transition of all economic sectors to a knowledge-driven one, attract foreign investment, and drive labor productivity, it is necessary to have access to skilled workforce. However, there is currently an insufficient talent supply and the workforce demand does not match the talent supply because of low graduate employability stemming from the low quality of higher education in Malaysia. To address this issue, this study proposed a conceptual framework to illustrate the perception of graduates towards the impact of curriculum design, the curriculum vision, the operationalization of the curriculum vision, the curriculum delivery, and curriculum evaluation, on employability competency. A sample of 299 employed graduates participated in this research. Smart Partial Least-Squares (SmartPLS) version 3 software was used to evaluate the hypotheses of the survey. The findings of this study reveal that curriculum design positively and significantly influenced employability competency. Hence, this study contributes important insights into the implementation of effective curriculum design, striking a balance between practical and theoretical bases, in private and public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs).

Organizations consist of numerous tangible and intangible factors. Many of these factors were individually studied in relation to each other, but several factors still need a more thorough investigation. This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of organizational culture (OC) on organizational innovation (OI) through the management control system (MCS) as a mediating factor. To achieve this aim, studies were comprehensively conducted in regard to the effects of OC on OI, the effects of OC on the MCS and the effects of MCS on OI. This study attempts to focus on the effects of OC and the MCS as mediating factors for OI among universities in Saudi Arabia. In this study, SmartPLS was used to validate the measurement model and relations between variables. The study results found that OC was significantly and directly related to OI, and it was significantly and indirectly related through the MCS as the mediating factor. This finding confirmed previous findings and supported the important roles of both constructs in university improvements.

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