Abstract. Mursyidin DH, Nazari YA, Daryono BS.2017. Tidal swamp rice cultivars of South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia: A case study of diversity and local culture. .Traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars may become an indispensable part of the local culture and traditions of rice-growing people across Asia over many generations. The existence of this germplasm in the tidal swamp area of South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia has been observed morphologically and showed a close relationship with the local culture. A total of forty (40) traditional rice cultivars with different morphological characteristics have been found in this country, and still preserved sustainable by the local farmers along with their local culture and traditions. The tradition of 'wadai 41' may become a good example for this relationship. In this tradition, some traditional foods are made by the local people and use some of the local rice as basic ingredients. This information may be useful as guidance for conservation and rice breeding programs in the future.

Batik coloring waste contains heavy metal chromium (Cr), and other components such as, Sulfide (S2-), Ammonia (NH3), phenol and oil-fat. The Batik industries are generally classified as small and medium enterprises, which usually do not process their waste. The aim of this study was to observe the ability of Aspergillus sp. 3 to reduce the concentration of Cr, sulfide, ammonia, phenol, and oil-fat component from batik wastewater. The selected fungus, Aspergillus sp. 3 was isolated from batik waste. Based on previous study, selected fungus, Aspergillus sp. 3 was able to decolorize and remediate Indigosol Blue batik wastewater. Potato dextrose broth medium was used for growing the mycelium. Reduction process was occurred with omitted of medium (formed mycelium-supplemented the batik wastewater). Based on experiments, Aspergillus sp. 3 was able to reduce 89.09%, 83.05%, 56.37%, 48.48%, 95.09%, 32.56, 39.28 and 38.15% of Cr sulfide, NH3, phenol and total oil-fat concentration, respectively. Aspergillus sp. 3 had potential application in bioremediation of water polluted by batik wastewater.

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Fungi are capable of treating various synthetic dye effluents. Previously, we isolated seven strains of fungi from contaminated batik dye effluent at Banyumas, Central Java. The aims of this study were to screen the ability of these fungi to decolorize batik dye effluents containing Indigosol Blue-04B and to investigate the phytotoxicity effects of biodegraded effluent on the germination of corn seeds Zea mays L. and green bean seeds Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. In addition, the decolorized effluents were tested for toxic effect on the agriculturally important gram-positive and gram-negative soil bacteria Bacillus cereus and Azotobacter sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Study of decolorization showed that fungi were able to decolorize Indigosol Blue-04B batik dye effluents by 21.04% to 99.89% at room temperature after three days of incubation. The assay of phytotoxicity showed that both plumule and radicle length of Z. mays and V. radiata grown on the decolorized effluent was longer than on untreated effluent. The percentage of Z. mays and V. radiata seed germination in decolorized effluent was higher than in untreated effluent. There was no inhibition zone found around the decolorized effluent samples after incubating the bacteria for 48 hours. Aspergillus sp. 3 was the most effective for degradation and could be used for batik effluent mycoremediation processes.

Thirty-seven isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves and stems of Calopogonium mucunoides collected from PTPN PTPN XII (Persero) Rubber Plantation, Klatakan, Kecamatan Tanggul, Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur. All isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics using the light microscope. The 37 isolates of endophytic fungi are members of Deuteromycota and Basidiomycota and classified to genera Phoma, Phomopsis, Corynespora, Rhizoctonia, Helicosporium, Curvularia, Torulomyces, Gliocladium, Gloeosporium, Acremonium, Tripospermum, Aureobasidium, Colletotrichum, Humicola, Fusarium, Sclerotium, and sterile hyphae.

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Lansium domesticum Corr. with vernacular name in Indonesian duku has been reported containing therapeutic bioactive compounds, and some of these compounds shown to be potent antitumor, anticancer, antimalaria, antimelanogenesis, antibacteria, and antimutagenic activities. This plant is commonly known as duku, kokosan and langsat by the local community in Indonesia. The morphological appearance of all varieties is nearly the same, and identifi cation of the varieties is very diffi cult for growers. Variation of DNA sequences of the ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) region can be used as a molecular character to determine the phylogenetic relationship of different varieties of L. domesticum. The aims of this study were to determine taxonomy status of duku, kokosan, and langsat, also phylogenetic relationship among varieties of L. domesticum based on ITS rDNA sequencing. DNA was isolated from leaves of plant and then amplifi ed using F1 and R1 primers. Nucleotide sequences were identifi ed using Sequence Scanner Software Programm version 1.0, nucleotide sequences from 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2 and 26S region, that has been mergered using EditSeq and SegMan in software Suite for Sequence Analysis DNASTAR Lasergene DM version 3.0.25. The results of study showed that DNA fragments ranging in size from 782-810 bp. Different pattern of DNA fragments indicated polymorphism among duku, kokosan, and langsat. Based on the results of the ITS rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis. It was determined that Lansium and Aglaia are a separated genus with the similarity index value of 0.98. Duku, kokosan and langsat were divided into two cluster, namely cluster kokosan-langsat and cluster duku with the similarity index value of 0.996.

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