Efficiency of Aspergillus sp. 3 to reduce chromium, sulfide, ammonia, phenol, and fat from batik wastewater

Abstract

Batik coloring waste contains heavy metal chromium (Cr), and other components such as, Sulfide (S2-), Ammonia (NH3), phenol and oil-fat. The Batik industries are generally classified as small and medium enterprises, which usually do not process their waste. The aim of this study was to observe the ability of Aspergillus sp. 3 to reduce the concentration of Cr, sulfide, ammonia, phenol, and oil-fat component from batik wastewater. The selected fungus, Aspergillus sp. 3 was isolated from batik waste. Based on previous study, selected fungus, Aspergillus sp. 3 was able to decolorize and remediate Indigosol Blue batik wastewater. Potato dextrose broth medium was used for growing the mycelium. Reduction process was occurred with omitted of medium (formed mycelium-supplemented the batik wastewater). Based on experiments, Aspergillus sp. 3 was able to reduce 89.09%, 83.05%, 56.37%, 48.48%, 95.09%, 32.56, 39.28 and 38.15% of Cr sulfide, NH3, phenol and total oil-fat concentration, respectively. Aspergillus sp. 3 had potential application in bioremediation of water polluted by batik wastewater.

effectiveness of indigenous local microorganisms in degrading hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in Batik liquid waste

“…and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 20 , serta isolat tunggal berupa Aspergillus sp. 5 , Saccharomyces cerevisiae 23 , dan Pleoratus ostreatus 29 . Some of the microorganisms that can reduce the heavy metal hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) are Bacillus sp., Geobacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16 , Alcaligenese 30 , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pantoea sp., and Pseudomonas putida 23 , Bacillus subtilis NAP1 15 , also Aspergillus sp 5 .…”

“…5 , Saccharomyces cerevisiae 23 , dan Pleoratus ostreatus 29 . Some of the microorganisms that can reduce the heavy metal hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) are Bacillus sp., Geobacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16 , Alcaligenese 30 , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pantoea sp., and Pseudomonas putida 23 , Bacillus subtilis NAP1 15 , also Aspergillus sp 5 . Microorganisms that reduce BOD and COD levels are Pleoratus ostreatus, and the decolorization of synthetic dyes is Lactobacillus delbrueckii.…”

“…In general, the waste generated from batik making can be in the form of solid, gas, liquid, and particulate 1 . Batik liquid waste has the highest percentage compared to other types of waste, which is 80 -95% of the total water use 4,5 . Physical characteristics of liquid waste are in the form of unpleasant odor, dark color, and irritation to the skin 6 .…”

“…Batik liquid waste contains organic matter, suspended solids, and dyes consisting of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), sulfide (S2-), ammonia (NH3), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), phenol, and fat. and pathogenic microorganism 2,5,6 . Among the heavy metals found in batik wastewater, chromium is one of the most toxic metals according to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR) and is listed as a level 'A' human carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) 7 .…”

“…and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batik waste 20 , Aspergillus sp. 5 , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli 21 . Therefore, bioremediation can be carried out by a consortium of microorganisms that can reduce batik wastewater, especially heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) derived from batik dyes.…”