BackgroundHigh concentrations of plasma leptin and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in leptin-resistance in obesity have been reported to trigger endothelial dysfunction. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of quercetin in modulating leptin-induced inflammation as assessed by the levels of Ob-Ra expression, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, NF-kappa B activation and TNF-alpha secretion in umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro.FindingsHUVECs were exposed to either control levels (0 ng/ml) or 500 ng/mL leptin (L) for 48 hours, followed by control or 125 uM quercetin (Q) for another 6 h. The experimental groups were as follows: L0Q0, L0Q125, L500Q0, L500Q125. The presence of the short chain leptin receptor isoform Ob-Ra in HUVECs was determined by Western blot and immunocytochemistry analyses. Ob-Ra expression, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, NF-kappa B activation and TNF-alpha secretion were quantified by ELISA, and NF-kappa B activationby immunofluorescence staining. Our results showed that Ob-Ra expression, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-kappa B activation increased significantly after 500 ng/mL leptin exposure (1.8x, 1.5x, 6.2x for Ob-Ra, ERK1/2 and NF-kappa B, respectively), but were reduced by addition of 125 uM quercetin (0.7x, 0.3x and 0.4x for Ob-Ra, ERK1/2 and NF-kappa B, respectively), and that quercetin could also partially suppress leptin-induced TNF-alpha secretion (3.8x) by 0.8x.ConclusionExposure of HUVECs to leptin up-regulated Ob-Ra expression and elevated ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NFkB activation, and increased TNF-alpha secretion. These effects strongly suppressed by quercetin, with the exception of TNF-alpha which was partially suppressed. The findings might be of clinical significance, as endothelial dysfunction that could lead to cardiovascular disease is preventable, and quercetin is a natural compound found in various plants and fruits.

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Background: Hyperglycemia condition will decline cognitive function. No basic therapy has been found for this. Purple potato anthocyanins are useful as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotectant, and antidiabetic. Objective: Evaluate effect of purple potato's anthocyanins on MDA levels, brain's caspase-3 expressiom, and spatial memory function in diabetic model of Wistar rats. Methods: This is an experimental study using diabetic model rats. The sample was divided into negative and positive control, anthocyanin dose of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, and 80mg/kg groups. MDA levels were measured using spectrophotometer, caspase-3 expression with immunohistochemistry, and spatial memory function using Morris water maze test. Results: Tukey test showed that anthocyanin 10, 20, and 80 mg/kg lowering MDA levels, caspase-3 expression, and Morris water maze's travel time compared to control positive (p = 0.000). But anthocyanin 80 mg/kg make a significant increase on these three variabels compared to 10 and 20 mg/kg groups (p = 0.010). Pearson test showed that there no correlation between anthocyanin's dose, MDA levels, caspase-3 expression, and Morris water maze test. Conclusion: Anthocyanin doses 10 and 20mg/kg lowering MDA levels and caspase-3 expression, also improves spatial memory function on diabetic model of Wistar rats.

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The negative and positive consequences of internet games were less explored among medical students' population. The aim of this current study was to investigated the association between time spent for playing internet games and Grade Point Average (GPA) as well as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) risk among medical students. A total of 438 students in academic year 2016-2017 completed the self-report questionnaire, that covered socio-demographic information, GPA, time spent for internet gaming/day, and IGD screening. The statistical analysis used  2 test. The average age of the respondents was 20.2 ±1.57 year. The respondents comprised of 37.13% male and 62.87% female students. The percentage of male and female players was 97.5% and 93.8% respectively. Male students were more at risk of IGD (29.56%) compared to their female counterparts (10.04%). Although time spent for internet gaming/day was associated with IGD risk (p<0.001), it was not associated with GPA (p=0.501). There was no significant GPA difference between students who played internet games <3 hours/day and >3 hours/day and those who never play at all. Further study is required to explore the factors related to GPA among medical students.

ABSTRAKKonsumsi Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) teh hijau dilaporkan banyak bermanfaat pada upaya peningkatan kesehatan, seperti pembakaran lemak, mencegah obesitas dan sensitifitas insulin. Sehingga teh hijau (Camelia sinensis) dari klon GMB4 dapat dikembangkan sebagai agen terapeutik potensial untuk obesitas dan resistensi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) teh hijau dapat menghambat peningkatan kadar SREBP-1 jaringan adiposa dan resistensi insulin pada tikus galur wistar jantan yang diberi diet tinggi lemak. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara invivo dengan pemeliharaan hewan coba selama 8 minggu yang dibagi dalam lima kelompok perlakuan: (1) kelompok kontrol (-) dengan pemberian diet pakan standart, (2) kelompok kontrol (+) dengan pemberian diet tinggi lemak, (3)Pemberian diet tinggi lemak+EGCG 1mg/kgBB, (4) Pemberian diet tinggi lemak+EGCG 2 mg/kgBB, (5) Pemberian diet tinggi lemak+EGCG 8 mg/kgBB. Pakan tikus diberikan secara oral, sedangkan EGCG per sonde 1 x/hr. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ELISA untuk kadar insulin dan SREBP-1 jaringan adiposa dan spektrofotometri untuk glukosa darah puasa. EGCG menurunkan lemak viseral, kadar glukosa, kadar SREBP-1 dan resistensi insulin (HOMA-IR) (p<0,05). Penurunan kadar SREBP-1 secara signifikan sebesar 29,85%(p<0,05) pada dosis 8 mg/kgBB, sedangkan HOMA-IR menurun secara signifikan sebesar 33,89% (p<0,05) pada dosis 8 mg/kgBB. Terdapat hubungan antara kadar SREBP-1 dengan resistensi insulin (HOMA-IR) (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa EGCG mampu menghambat resistensi insulin yang mungkin melalui penurunan adipo/lipogenesis SREBP-1 jaringan adiposa, dengan bukti adanya penurunan kadar SREBP-1 jaringan adiposa dan lemak viseral.Kata Kunci: EGCG, glukosa, HOMA-IR, insulin, SREBP-1 jaringan adipose, tikus diet tinggi lemak ABSTRACT Consumption of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) of green tea were reported to have much benefit in improving health, such as increased fat oxidation, prevent obesity and improve insulin sensitivity. EGCG of green tea (Camelia sinensis) from GMB4 clone may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for obesity and insulin resistance.This study investigated the effect isolat Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) from green tea inhibit increasing adipose tissue sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1( SREBP-1 ) and insulin resistance in male rats with high fat diet. Wistar male rats were fed a diet high in fat for 2 months from 6-8 weeks of age and determination of the object of research with completely randomized design with five treatments, namely (1) rats with standard feed diet (2) rats with a diet high in fat, (3) rats with high-fat diet + EGCG 1mg/kgBW, (4) rats with high-fat diet + EGCG 2 mg/kgBW, (5) rats with high-fat diet + EGCG

AbstrakPetugas kepolisian memegang peranan sangat penting dalam memberikan pertolongan pertama kepada korban kecelakaan jika terdapat keterbatasan petugas medis untuk memberikan pertolongan. Tentunya polisi memiliki pengalaman tersendiri yang perlu digali untuk mengetahui tindakan pertolongan pertama apa saja yang selama ini dilakukan ketika menolong korban kecelakaan selain tugas utamanya sebagai polisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif fenomenologi hermeneutic untuk mengeksplorasi dan menginterpretasikan makna pengalaman petugas kepolisian dalam memberikan tindakan pertolongan pertama pada korban kecelakaan lalu lintas. Jumlah partisipan sebanyak 5 orang yang bertugas di Pos Lantas Purwodadi Wilayah Polres Pasuruan. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini yaitu peneliti sebagai instrumen inti dan alat penunjang lainnya yaitu berupa netbook yang dilengkapi dengan program perekam suara (camtasia studio), bolpoin, dan kertas untuk field note. Data dikumpulkan melalu in depth interview diolah menjadi tranksrip dan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Dikelmann et al. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dua tema besar yaitu segera menolong sesuai dengan kemampuan dan peralatan yang ada serta menolong dengan cara apapun demi keselamatan korban. Kesimpulannya yaitu polisi berusaha semaksimal mungkin sesuai dengan kemampuan yang dimiliki dalam memberikan tindakan pertolongan pertama pada korban kecelakaan demi keselamatan korban. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya peningkatan kemampuan polisi dalam memberikan tindakan pertolongan pertama untuk meningkatkan angka keselamatan korban kecelakaan ditengah keterbatasan pelayanan medis di luar rumah sakit.Kata kunci : kecelakaan lalu lintas, pertolongan pertama, polisi PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY: THE POLICE EXPERIENCE ON PROVISION OF FIRST AID FOR TRAFFIC CRASH VICTIMS AbstractPolice officer holds a very important role in giving first aid to the traffic crash victim if there are limitations of medical officer to provide help. They certainly have special experience in giving first aid to traffic crash victims besides their main duties as police officer. This research was used qualitative phenomenological hermeneutic design to explore and to elucidate in-depth about the experience of police officers in providing first aid for traffic crash victims. There are 5 participants who served in Purwodadi police station district of Pasuruan. This study Instruments are including researcher as core instruments and netbook with voice recording application (camtasia studio), ballpoint, and paper. Data collected through a comprehensive interview and processed into transcript then analyzed using Dikelmann et al. method. The research results obtained by two major themes, the police officer give immediate help to the victims with their ability and minimum equipment, secondly they help in any way to save the victim. The conclusion is that the police officer to provide help to the victims to save their lives. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the ability of the police in providing first aid in or...