Background: Hyperglycemia condition will decline cognitive function. No basic therapy has been found for this. Purple potato anthocyanins are useful as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotectant, and antidiabetic. Objective: Evaluate effect of purple potato's anthocyanins on MDA levels, brain's caspase-3 expressiom, and spatial memory function in diabetic model of Wistar rats. Methods: This is an experimental study using diabetic model rats. The sample was divided into negative and positive control, anthocyanin dose of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, and 80mg/kg groups. MDA levels were measured using spectrophotometer, caspase-3 expression with immunohistochemistry, and spatial memory function using Morris water maze test. Results: Tukey test showed that anthocyanin 10, 20, and 80 mg/kg lowering MDA levels, caspase-3 expression, and Morris water maze's travel time compared to control positive (p = 0.000). But anthocyanin 80 mg/kg make a significant increase on these three variabels compared to 10 and 20 mg/kg groups (p = 0.010). Pearson test showed that there no correlation between anthocyanin's dose, MDA levels, caspase-3 expression, and Morris water maze test. Conclusion: Anthocyanin doses 10 and 20mg/kg lowering MDA levels and caspase-3 expression, also improves spatial memory function on diabetic model of Wistar rats.

AbstrakDiabetes melitus (DM) merupakangangguan metabolism yang menyebabkan kondisi hiperglikemia. Hiperglikemia akan memicu pembentukan radikal bebas. Radikal bebas yang berlebihan dapat merusak sistem membran sel dan kematian sel di berbagai jaringan tubuh. Salah satu penanda terjadinya kematian sel pada suatu jaringan adalah caspase-3. Ubi ungu merupakan tanaman tradisional yang mengandung antosianin yang bermanfaat sebagai antiinflamasi, antioksidan, neuroprotektan, dan antidiabetik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian antosianin ubi ungu terhadap ekspresi caspase-3 pada jaringan otak tikus Wistar yang diinduksi DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental post-test only control group. Sampel penelitian terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, antosianin dosis 10 mg/kgBB, dosis 20 mg/kgBB, dan dosis 80 mg/kgBB selama 5 minggu. Kontrol positif adalah tikus yang dibuat DM tipe 2, sedangkan kontrol negatif adalah tikus sehat. Ekspresi caspase-3 diukur dengan metode imunohistokimia. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi caspase-3 berbeda secara bermakna pada semua kelompok perlakuan (ANOVA, p<0,05). Pemberian antosianin dosis 10 dan 20 mg/kgBB menurunkan ekspresi caspase-3 secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol positif, sedangkan pemberian antosianindosis 80 mg/kgBB justru meningkatkan ekspresi caspase-3. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian antosianin dosis 10 dan 20 mg/kgBB menurunkan ekspresi caspase-3 pada jaringan otak tikus wistar model DM tipe 2.Kata kunci: antosianin, ekspresi caspase-3, hiperglikemia, jaringan otak THE EFFECT OF PURPLE SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas L.) ANTHOCYANIN ON THE EXPRESSION OF CASPASE-3 IN BRAIN TISSUE OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2-INDUCED RATS AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that leads to the condition of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia will trigger the formation of free radicals. Excessive free radicals can damage the cell membrane system and cell death in various tissues. Caspase-3 is a marker of cell death in a tissue. Purple sweet potato is a traditional crop that contain anthocyanins that are useful as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotectant, and antidiabetic. This study was conducted to determine the effect of purple sweet potato anthocyanin on the expression of caspase-3 in brain tissue of diabetes mellitus type 2-induced Wistar rats. This study used an experimental post-test only control group design. The research sample was divided into 5 groups: negative control, positive control, anthocyanin dose of 10 mg/kg, dose of 20 mg/kg, and dose of 80 mg/kg for 6 weeks. Positive control contained of rats with DM type 2, whereas negative control contained of the healthy rats. The expression of caspase-3 was measured by immunohistochemistry methods. Statistic analysis result showed that the expression of caspase-3 increased significantly in all treatment groups (ANOVA, p < 0,05). Anthocyanin dose of 10 and 20mg/kg treatment decreased the expression of caspase-3 significantly more than the...

Stroke dapat mempengaruhi kehidupan penderita, baik berupa kecacatan maupun kematian. Stroke dibagi menjadi stroke iskemik dan perdarahan. Terjadinya stroke berulang dapat mempengaruhi status kognitif dan angka harapan hidup penderita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penderita stroke berulang di Poliklinik Saraf Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Malang pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Stroke berulang terjadi terbanyak pada laki-laki (54.26%), usia 56-65 tahun (41.5%), dan tingkat pendidikan perguruan tinggi (30%). Stroke berulang sering terjadi pada pasien dengan usia yang lebih tinggi, pendidikan tinggi, dan adanya riwayat hipertensi. Upaya promotif dan preventif berupa edukasi dan promosi kesehatan sebaiknya selalu dilakukan agar tidak terjadi stroke berulang yang beresiko memperburuk fungsi kognitif.

Highlights : Risk factors that can increase the incidence of CLM in humans include male sex, children aged <15 years, low-income people, and daily behaviour of walking outdoors without using footwear, especially on the sand. Risk factors that play the most role in increasing the incidence of CLM in humans are walking outdoors without using footwear, especially on the sand.   Abstract : Cats arethe host of a wide variety of microorganisms including ectoparasites and endoparasites.One of theendoparasites that infect cats is hookworm. The hookworms consists of two groups, the animal hookworms, and the human hookworms. The manifestation that can be caused by animal hookworms to humans is Cutaneous Larva Migrant (CLM). This study aimed to discover whether hookworm in stray cats (Felis silvestris catus) can cause CLM in humans. We performed a systematic search in Pubmed/Medline and Cochrane published between 2016 and 2021 with no restrictions by language, research country, or type of research design . The results of the analysis showed that the high level of hookworms infection in stray cats could increase the risk of CLM in humans. Based on the study, we could conclude that the high prevalence of hookworm infection in cats plays an important role in the increased risk of zoonoses in humans which in turn could also increase the prevalence of CLM in humans.

Adolescent nutritional status can be assessed by body mass index (BMI). BMI is related to muscle mass. It is associated with the overall body composition such as muscle mass, bone mass, and fat mass, and is packaged in a formula involving weight (BW) and height. Body composition can be different for each individual. The development of muscle mass is usually followed by an increase in muscle strength in adolescents. This study aimed to determine the body composition factors that affect trunk muscle mass in late adolescent males and females. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach involving 50 male and female respondents, respectively, who were students at Muhammadiyah Malang University, selected using purposive sampling. The data recorded were height, BW, BMI and trunk muscle mass. The data obtained were analyzed using bivariate analysis through the Pearson correlation test (BW) and ANOVA (BMI), while multivariate analysis was conducted with linear regression. A significant correlation was found between BW and trunk muscle mass in the late adolescent males (p < 0.05, correlation coefficient = 0.939) and females (p < 0.05, correlation coefficient = 0.698). The findings also showed that for late adolescent males, the coefficient score for BW and BMI was 0.920, while for the late adolescent females it was 0.499. Weight and BMI had a correlation with muscle mass with a contribution of 92% in the males and 49% in the females. Keywords: muscle mass, body height, body weight, adolescent, late adolescent

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is a label for the perception of pain or pain in the musculoskeletal system. MSDs can be caused by the equipment, techniques, and activities performed during work. Harvesters who use manual techniques or cutting egrek have the potential risk for MSDs as a result of an ergonomic work attitude and posture. This study aims to determine the profile of oil palm harvesters using cutting egrek techniques. This research is a descriptive research with the survey method. Samples were obtained by systematic random sampling method, amounting to 82 people. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Most CuE technique oil palm harvesters were at the age of 41-50 years, working period of 6-10 years, and with a work posture that needed immediate improvement, and 76.8% suffered from MSDs complaints. So that it is necessary to have immediate intervention from companies and workers to reduce the risk of MSDs complaints in the future, especially in posture and work techniques.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system making the body susceptible to various diseases, such as TB, TORCH and others. Knowing the effect of the incidence of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) which has CD-8 T Cell maturity accompanied by UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) and Hip Dislocation with Sciatic Nerve Pain using the minipill as emergency contraception accompanied by PTSD (Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder) in Commercial Sex Workers. This research is a Systematic Review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses method or commonly called PRISMA, this method is carried out systematically by following the correct research steps or protocols. Sources were taken from the PubMed site and the Google Scholar site with journals published in 2017-2022 and then screening was carried out to obtain 20,486 results. Journal clustering was carried out and the number of Scopus Q1 indexed journals was 1 journal, 2 journals Q2, 1 journal indexed Sinta S1, so that 4 journals were extracted. The majority of journals discuss age related to the influence of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) events which experience CD-8 T Cell maturity accompanied by UTI (Urinary Tract Infection) and Hip Dislocation with Sciatic Nerve Pain using the minipill as emergency contraception accompanied by PTSD (Post Traumatic Syndrome) Disorder) in commercial sex workers.

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