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BACKGROUND:The coastal region is the largest region in Indonesia as a country of the archipelago. Characteristics of groundwater content in coastal areas are very influential on dental health, especially dental caries. The main elements contained in 1-1000 mg/litre groundwater are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, bicarbonate, and sulfate groups. Calcium is an essential ingredient for living organisms that play a role in the formation of bone and tooth along with permeability of cell walls.AIM:This study aimed to analyse the relationship between calcium in groundwater with dental caries.METHOD:Analytical observational study with cross-sectional approach was implemented was coastal communities in Watu Ulo Jember Regency in February 2018 (3,686 inhabitants), with sample criteria of the minimum age of 12 years and consumed groundwater as drinking water at least 2 years by purposive side. The variables in this study were calcium levels as the independent variable and dental caries as the dependent variable. Calcium was measured using the spectrophotometric method. Caries measurements were performed using the DMF-T index. Data were presented descriptively in the table and analysed by Spearman Correlation test to analyze the relationship between groundwater calcium with dental caries.RESULTS:Average groundwater calcium content was 126.75 mg/litre (high category), and average dental caries was 2.2 (low category). Spearman correlation analysis showed p = 0.029 (p < 0.000), which means there was a correlation between groundwater calcium level with dental caries.CONCLUSION:There is a positive relationship between the calcium content of groundwater with dental caries.

Background. Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) / Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most significant public health challenges in Surabaya, Indonesia where the greatest number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among key populations is in areas served by Sememi Public Health Center. HIV-infected persons have a greater risk for developing dental caries, such as salivary gland enlargement, and decreased salivary glands function. Given the fact that PLWHA are at high risk of dental caries, utilization of dental health service among PLWHA are still low. Objective. This study aims to know the factors influencing dental caries in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted on 16 HIV-seropositive individuals. They were asked to complete a WHO questionnaire concerning basic oral health and quality of life. Dental caries was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Whole stimulated saliva samples were also collected.Results. Nine out of 16 respondents had low salivary flow rate (56.3%). One patient had low DMF-T score (6.3%) and eight had high DMFT score (50%). Among seven respondents who had normal salivary flow rate (43.8%), two of whom had low DMFT score (12.5%) and five of whom had high DMFT score (31.3%).Conclusion. People living with HIV/AIDS have high DMFT and low salivary flow rate.

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BackgroundMaintaining proper oral hygiene has an influence on oral health. Religious obedience may influence individual behavior. According to Islamic religious guidance, as recommended by an Islamic role model, it is obligated to maintain oral health and the recommended tool to use is miswak.PurposeTo describe miswak users’ behavior based on the theory of planned behavior.Subjects and methodsThe population of this study was the students of As-Salafi Al-Fitrah Islamic Boarding School who used miswak regularly and were healthy physically and mentally. One hundred and nine samples were chosen randomly and asked to complete a semi-open and a closed-ended questionnaire.ResultsPerceived behavioral control had the most dominant influence toward improving intention with β=0.211 and p<0.05. In contrast, attitude and subjective norms had less influence toward improving intention with β=0.190 and p>0.05, and β=0.164 and p<0.0001, respectively. Meanwhile, perceived behavioral control showed direct correlation toward action in model parameter with β=0.445 and p<0.0001.ConclusionPerceived behavioral control is the most dominant predisposing factor in increasing intention and attitude of miswak use.

Background: High concentrations of Co, Ni, and Cr in the blood serum of dental technicians are strongly associated with free radical formation. It has highly reactive properties that can cause further oxidation of molecule in the vicinity.Purpose: This study intended to investigate whether the Dental Technician occupational exposure of Co, Ni and Cr, could contribute to the high incidence of cancer. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study to dental technicians, performed after acccepting ethical clearance. Blood was sampled in 3 examinations for Co, Ni, Cr using Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometry (AAS), MDA was examined with TBARS test, also 8 OHdG and wildtype p53 proteins determined by ELISA method. Results: Comparative statistical analysis, showing a significant difference (p < 0.05) between levels of Co, Ni, and Cr in exposed groups to the control group. But, not all variables was proven to be positively correlated, only with Cr, and Co, and negatively correlated with wild-type p53. Conclusion: MDA,8-OHdG and wildtype p53 can be used as genotoxic biomarkers in the metal exposed group, since they can accurately reflect the degree of Oxidative damage.

Permainan Tata Balok merupakan salah satu permainan yang mengembangkan Kognitif anak Usia Dini, faktanya permainan tersebut berkurang bahkan hilang ketika anak memasuki jenjang Sekolah Dasar, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model ATIK dalam meningkatkan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Tata Balok di PAUD RAMA RAMA kota Tangerang Selatan. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak terjadi kegagalan dalam membelajarkan anak PAUD pada pada perkembangan kognitif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) Guru di PAUD RAMA RAMA kota Tangerang Selatan dengan analisis data model Borg & Gall. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa Observasi dan Wawancara. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan berdasarkan pada uji efektivitas, maka Model ATIK ini efektif dalam Meningkatkan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Tata Balok.

IntroductIonThe existence of systemic disease potentially worsens the quality of life of the elderly associated with dental caries. Some studies suggest that people with diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease have the worst quality of life than people without systemic disease. [1] Therefore, special attention is needed to elderly people suffering from systemic disease with high dimethyl fumarate value, so that there is a need for community empowerment to increase the knowledge toward systemic disease relationship with oral and dental health.Community empowerment is a process to improve the ability or capacity of society in utilizing the resources owned: human resources and natural resources which were available in the environment to improve the welfare of life. However, efforts are made not only to increase the capacity of the community to meet their needs but also to build a sense of community self-sufficiency to develop and have a strong motivation in participating in the empowerment process. Society, in this case, becomes the perpetrator or center of the empowerment process. [2] Aims: This empowerment aimed to provide knowledge about systemic disease correlation with oral and dental health to the cadres to convey information to the elderly group. Subjects and Methods: The method used in the community empowerment program in this elderly group was the method of counseling with lectures. Evaluation of the participants was conducted after counseling. The evaluation method was done by filling out the questionnaire and observation. Observations were made to the cadres by assessing the cadres in presenting the extension content to the extension workers. Further evaluation was done when the cadres socialized the materials independently in an elderly nursing home. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 17 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Results: There was an increase in posttest average compared with pretest. The mean cadre pretest result was 45.55%, the mean posttest result was 77.55%, and the mean of cadre observation result to relay extension material was 84.52%. Conclusions: The elderly understood the signs of systemic disease (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart) in the oral cavity through counseling of elderly cadres.