Background. Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) / Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most significant public health challenges in Surabaya, Indonesia where the greatest number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among key populations is in areas served by Sememi Public Health Center. HIV-infected persons have a greater risk for developing dental caries, such as salivary gland enlargement, and decreased salivary glands function. Given the fact that PLWHA are at high risk of dental caries, utilization of dental health service among PLWHA are still low. Objective. This study aims to know the factors influencing dental caries in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted on 16 HIV-seropositive individuals. They were asked to complete a WHO questionnaire concerning basic oral health and quality of life. Dental caries was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Whole stimulated saliva samples were also collected.Results. Nine out of 16 respondents had low salivary flow rate (56.3%). One patient had low DMF-T score (6.3%) and eight had high DMFT score (50%). Among seven respondents who had normal salivary flow rate (43.8%), two of whom had low DMFT score (12.5%) and five of whom had high DMFT score (31.3%).Conclusion. People living with HIV/AIDS have high DMFT and low salivary flow rate.
Background: Sibling relation over chosen STR loci and localized database is yet to be developed in Indonesia like into many other countries despite the demand of varied ethnic population, catastrophes and civil conflict that call forensic preparedness. The targeted application includes human genomic typing and profile, kinship/sibship relation, forensic applications, individual identification, and or claneology tracing. Consequently, this study devotes on sibship in assessing and establishing preferable STR loci and allelic sharing extent amongst Madurese full sibling. Materials and methods: One hundred blood samples were used to examine sibling relationship among 50 full siblings (25 pairs) assigned from a total of 100 individuals of 25 Madura families. Sibship relation was done by STR technique profile by 12 loci (CSF1PO, F13B, FES, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, and D18S51) and a sex-typing amelogenin gene locus Results: From 300 observations (25 pairs of full-sibling × 12 loci) of genotyped STR allele, of allele sharing, has found 4 STR loci: FES, CSF1PO, F13, and D8S1179 with high-shared allelic frequency in two alleles sharing among twelve STR loci by 52%, 52%, 44%, and 40% respectively. As for the four main loci of full sibling with one allele sharing, i.e, D7S820, D18S51, vWA, and THO1, have a sequence of percentages from large to small as follows: 76%, 76%, 72%, and 60%, respectively. Furthermore, STR locus VWA expressed null shared allele in 24 allele-sharing category. Likewise, F13 and FES both typed null allele in zero allele-sharing category among these full sibling Conclusion: Through the use of 12 autosomal STR loci, the study has signified the strength of 2 shared allele evidence by 51.2% in establishing sibship and recommend D7S820, VWA, TH01, and D18S51 as STR loci of choice when typing sibling among Madurese.
Background: The applicability of dental age estimation has been expanded to meet a variety of medico-legal needs, law enforcement, and disaster victim identification. The objective of this study is to examine the applicability of the Willems method for Indonesian children. Material and method: A total of 110 panoramic radiographs of the patients (6-14 years old) who met the inclusion criteria were obtained from the Department of Forensic Odontology and Department of Radiology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Estimated dental age (EDA) was assessed using the Willems method by two blinded examiners. The statistical analysis was carried out using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results and discussion: The mean of the chronological age (CA) in this study is 11.30 ± 1.43 years (boys) and 11.65 ± 1.55 years (girls). The overall mean difference between CA and EDA for boys and girls is − 0.08 ± 0.76 and − 0.31 ± 0.97, respectively. This study showed that the mean age difference in girls was more significant than in boys. The growth spurt timing between boys and girls might cause a difference in dental maturation, whereas the onset of the pubertal growth spurt in girls is about 2 years earlier than in boys. In general, girls start and finish their dental development earlier than boys end. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the dental age estimation methods proposed by Willems can be considered as an applicable method for the children population in Surabaya, both boys and girls. However, a detailed study may be required while applying this approach to the 11-14-year-old girl population in Surabaya, as a substantial underestimation was observed in this community.
BackgroundMaintaining proper oral hygiene has an influence on oral health. Religious obedience may influence individual behavior. According to Islamic religious guidance, as recommended by an Islamic role model, it is obligated to maintain oral health and the recommended tool to use is miswak.PurposeTo describe miswak users’ behavior based on the theory of planned behavior.Subjects and methodsThe population of this study was the students of As-Salafi Al-Fitrah Islamic Boarding School who used miswak regularly and were healthy physically and mentally. One hundred and nine samples were chosen randomly and asked to complete a semi-open and a closed-ended questionnaire.ResultsPerceived behavioral control had the most dominant influence toward improving intention with β=0.211 and p<0.05. In contrast, attitude and subjective norms had less influence toward improving intention with β=0.190 and p>0.05, and β=0.164 and p<0.0001, respectively. Meanwhile, perceived behavioral control showed direct correlation toward action in model parameter with β=0.445 and p<0.0001.ConclusionPerceived behavioral control is the most dominant predisposing factor in increasing intention and attitude of miswak use.
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