Background. Lymphadenopathy is a common clinical feeding an anomaly in the size and consistency of lymph nodes. Local bacterial infection causes cervical adenopathy when the lymph nodes responded to local infection. Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common problems in pediatric. Lymph node with more than 10 mm diameter is usually considered abnormal. Lymph node enlargement caused by a chronic infection is known as chronic lymphadenopathy. Objectives. Discovery management of chronic lymphadenopathy in children with poor oral hygiene.Case. A 9-year-old boy came to Pediatric Dentistry Specialist Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital with his parents with a complaint of pain in his right tooth posterior mandible for the last week. The patient had received medication, however the pain still existed. Extraoral examination revealed symmetrical face, a node on the middle neck sizing 30 mm in diameter for 4 years. The lump was treated several times with no progress in size. Intraoral examination revealed a cavity in posterior lower left tooth and painful in the last 5 days without any treatment. Plaque score showed poor oral hygiene.Case Management. Based on extraoral examination, the nodule on the neck reduced in size from 30 mm to 7 mm after treatment with antibiotic, anti-inflammatory medication, dental care and control periodic for oral hygiene management. Conclusion. Early detection and accurate lymphadenopathy diagnosis is important for successful therapy. Oral hygiene improvement can help in the healing process of chronic lymphadenopathy which occurred for 4 years. Keyword:  Limphadenophaty chronic, Oral hygiene, Staphylococcus aureus

Background: Malocclusion is dentofacial growth deviation from its normal size and shape, thus causing abnormal occlusion. One of its etiology is heredity. Removable twin block, a functional appliance that can be used in interceptive orthodontic treatment, can be used to treat Class II malocclusion with large overjet in children during skeletal growth and development. Case: An 11-year-old boy came to pediatric dental specialist clinic with Class II division 1 Angle malocclusion (SNA 82°; SNB 74°; ANB 8°, CVM CS 4, overjet 14 mm, overbite 7 mm, and convex profile). Removable twin block for Class II malocclusion was chosen as the therapy. Case management: Removable twin block appliance with acrylic occlusal bite block was used on maxilla and mandible separately. An angle of 70° was made in the occlusal bite block, which was made based on the bite registration wax during centric occlusion. This device is used 24-hours a day. Monthly dental visit was done to reduce the maxillary and mandibular occlusal bite blocks. After 9 months, an overjet of 5 mm was obtained. Cephalometry calculations became SNA 82°; SNB 7 9 °; ANB 3 °. The patient was given further phase 2 treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance. Conclusion: With proper case selection and good patient cooperation, removable twin block appliance can correct skeletal malocclusion, improve facial profile, reduce overjet and overbite, and correct molar relations.

Background: Lactobacillus acidophilus is a bacterium  which plays a role in dental caries. It is believed as a pioneering bacterium in advanced caries and much likely to be isolated in dentin caries zone, resulting in the needed for tooth restoration. The use of 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate as cavity cleanser is recommended as an effort to prevent seconday caries but can cause side effects. One of the natural materials that can be used as a cavity cleanser is ulin bark extract (Eusideroxylon zwageri), a traditional medicine originally from Kalimantan, because it contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin and terpenoid. Purpose: To discover the inhibitory activity of ulin bark extract on Lactobacillus acidophilus growth. Methods:  This was a true experimental laboratory and post test only with control group design, that used 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentrations of ulin bark extracts and  K(+) 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate. Difussion method was used to test inhibitory activity with 6 treatment groups and 4 replications, comprising a total of 24 samples. All groups were incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC temperature. The inhibition zone was measured using calipers. Results: The 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration of ulin bark extracts and 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate had an average inhibition zone of 7.17 mm, 9.02 mm, 11.14 mm, 13.06 mm, 15.17 mm and 19.22 mm. One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Bonferroni tests showed significant difference between all groups. Conclusion: Ulin bark extract can inhibit Lactobacillus acidophilus growth starting from 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration.

Background: Knowledge and attitudes of parents are important in underlying the formation of children's dental and oral hygiene behavior because parents are the foundation for children's behavior and also influence children's development and independence.  The role and practice of parents can affect the dental and oral problems of special needs children which will increase when they are older. Purpose: Analyzing the relationship between parents’ knowledge and attitude toward oral hygiene of special needs children.  Material And Methods: This study uses correlational analysis with a cross-sectional approach, the sampling technique is a simple random sampling technique. The study was held at SLB Negeri Samarinda with a total sample of 52 respondents using questionnaires to parents and examine children’s oral hygiene then the data were analyzed using the Spearman rank test. Results: Parent’s knowledge of (40,4%) in the moderate level, parent’s attitudes of (75%) in the positive category, and special need children’s oral hygiene of (55,8%) in the moderate category.  The Spearman Rank test on parents’ knowledge obtained a significance of 0.000 (p<0,05) which means there is a relationship between parent knowledge toward oral hygiene of special needs children and the measurement of parent attitudes obtained a significance of 0.000 (p<0,05) which means there is a relationship between parent attitudes toward oral hygiene of special needs children Conclusion: The higher of knowledge and attitudes of parents toward oral hygiene, the better oral hygiene of special need children will.Keywords: Oral hygiene of special needs children, parent attitude, parent knowledge

Background: Cases of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) are recognized as a significant health problem. ECC can cause health complications in children such as persistent pain, loss of appetite, difficulty eating and abscesses. WHO data in 2018 states that there are 60% -90% of caries cases that occur in children. Many parents, especially mothers, are still not aware that maintaining healthy teeth and mouth is important. Objective: To find out how the level of knowledge and attitudes of mothers about oral health on the severity of ECC in early childhood are related. Methods: The method used in this study is a literature review with a narrative review procedure. Results: The results of the review of the articles stated that mother's knowledge was in the good category, mother's attitude was in the positive category and ECC conditions in children under five based on def-t included in the high category. Conclusion: There is a correlation between knowledge and attitudes of mothers about oral health on early childhood caries in children under five.Keywords: Early childhood caries, Mother’s attitude, Mother’s knowledge.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) dikenal sebagai masalah kesehatan yang signifikan. ECC dapat menimbulkan komplikasi kesehatan pada anak seperti nyeri yang persisten, kehilangan nafsu makan, kesulitan makan dan abses. Data WHO tahun 2018 menyebutkan ada 60%-90% kasus karies yang terjadi pada anak-anak. Orang tua terutama ibu masih banyak yang belum menyadari bahwa menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut adalah hal yang penting. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut terhadap tingkat keparahan ECC pada balita. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah literature review dengan prosedur narative review. Hasil: Mayoritas pengetahuan ibu masuk dalam kategori kurang baik, mayoritas sikap ibu masuk dalam kategori negatif dan kejadian ECC berdasarkan indeks def-t masuk dalam kategori tinggi. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut terhadap early childhood caries pada anak balita.Kata kunci: Early childhood caries, Pengetahuan ibu, Sikap ibu.

Background: Dental and oral health of intellectually disabled children is lower to other children. This is because there are intellectual development disorders and limitation of adaptive function, so they are need an effective learning media to improving the dental and oral health knowledge of intellectually disabled children’s. One of the learning media that can be used is animated video media. Animated video media is concrete, more illustrative, imaginative, easy to understand, not easily damaged and can be accessed through social media. Purpose: This study is aimed to analyze effectiveness of animated video media in dental health education for intellectually disabled children. Method: This study uses literature review method. Article search using PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Then proceed to the screening stage that is adjusted to the inclusion criterias, e.g: (a) journals published in 2011-2020, (b) journals using Indonesian or English, (c) journals with the subject of research on children with intellectual disability. Results: The results of 20 articles, there are 8 articles that use animation video media as learning media. Based on average calculation, the percentage of total knowledge in dental and oral health increase by 57,86%. Conclusion: Animated video media is an effective learning media for improve knowledge of dental and oral health in intellectually disabled children.Keywords: Animated video, Dental health education, Intellectually disabled children.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak tunagrahita lebih rendah dibandingkan anak-anak lainnya. Hal tersebut dikarenakan terdapat hambatan intelektual dan keterbatasan fungsi adaptif pada anak tunagrahita, sehingga diperlukan media pembelajaran yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan anak tunagrahita mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya. Salah satu media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan adalah media video animasi. Media video animasi bersifat konkret, lebih ilustratif, imajinatif, mudah dimengerti, tidak cepat rusak dan dapat diakses melalui media sosial. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas media video animasi dalam pembelajaran dental health education pada anak tunagrahita. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review. Penelusuran artikel menggunakan PubMed, Google Scholar dan Science Direct. Kemudian dilanjutkan ke tahap penyaringan yang disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi, diantaranya: (a) jurnal dipublikasikan tahun 2011-2020, (b) jurnal menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia atau Bahasa Inggris, (c) jurnal dengan subjek penelitian anak tunagrahita atau retardasi mental. Hasil: Hasil penelitian dari 20 artikel, terdapat 8 artikel yang menggunakan media video animasi sebagai media pembelajaran. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti, didapatkan persentase total peningkatan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak tunagrahita sebesar 57,86%. Kesimpulan: Media video animasi merupakan media pembelajaran yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak tunagrahita. Kata Kunci: Anak tunagrahita, Dental health education, Video animasi.

Background: Ramania leaf (Bouea macrophylla Griff) extract gel has secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, steroids, phenols and terpenoids which have a role as antioxidant. They will protect the body from excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing endogenous antioxidants SOD, CAT and GPX, so that wound healing will not be inhibited and the process of collagen synthesis can run smoothly. Objective: To analyze the effect of ramania leaf extract gel that was applied topically with 5%, 10% and 15% concentration on collagen fibers density in incisional wound of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) on the 7th and the 14th day. Method: This research is a pure experimental study with a posttest-only control group design, using 24 rats which were divided into 4 groups: the treatment groups given ramania leaf extract gel of 5%, 10%, 15%, and the control group given placebo gel. The application of the extract gel was done once within 24 hours. The collagen level was measured with a spectrophotometer on the 7th and the 14th day. Results: Two-Way ANOVA test results on the 7th and the 14th day of each group showed a significant difference with p=0.000 (p<0.05). The Bonferroni Post-hoc Test showed a significant difference with p<0.05 between the placebo gel group and the groups of ramania leaf extract gel of 5%, 10%, 15% on the 7th and the 14th day. Conclusion: There is an effect of ramania leaf extract gel on collagen fibers density with the most effective concentration of 15%.Keywords: Antioxidant, , Collagen, Ramania Leaf Extract Gel

Background: Bioactive resin can release fluoride ions when contact with oral environment. In the oral cavity, saliva and metabolic results of Streptococcus mutans namely lactic acid may affect the release of ions due to pH changes. Purpose: to analyse the release of fluoride ions of bioactive resin in the solution of lactic acid and artificial saliva. Methods: Forty-two specimens (diameter 15 mm x thickness 1 mm; n= 7/group fabricated with Activa™ Bioactive Restorative (Pulpdent). The specimen swere randomized into six 6 groups which immersed in lactic acid, artifial saliva and distilled water for 1 and 7 days in the incubator at 37oC. The number of fluoride ion release was measured using pH Meter (Lutron-208). Results: Two Way Anova test and Post Hoc Bonferonni test show there are significant differences among all group for lactic acid 1 day (6.37 ± 0.74), artificial saliva 1 day (1.30 ± 0.48), distilled water 1 day (3.78 ± 0.97), lactic acid 7 days (22.9 ± 0.81), artificial saliva 7 days (19.00 ± 0.81), distilled water 7 days (21.60± 1.01) ppm. Conclusion: The fluoride ion release of bioactive resin which immersed in lactic acid solution was higher than in artificial saliva immersion.  Keywords: Artificial saliva, Bioactive resin, Fluoride ion release, Lactic acid