Fucus vesiculosus is a brown macroalgae used in food and generally considered safe to be consumed, according to EU Directive (EC 258/97). The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of food preparation on F.vesiculosus of different origins on what concerns its chemical constituents and final bioactivities. The aqueous extract of the seaweeds were obtained at different temperatures, similar to food preparation and then purified by SPE. The compound identification was carried out by Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and algae extracts microstructure were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The activities were determined by using antioxidant activity, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 3-hidroxi-3-methyl-glutaril-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR) together with Caco-2 cells line simulating the intestinal barrier. The activity of AChE and the HMGR were inhibited by the extracts giving IC50 values of 15.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL and 4.2 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively and 45% of the cholesterol permeation inhibition. The main compounds identified were phlorotannins and peptides derivatives. The mode of preparation significantly influenced the final bioactivities. Moreover, the in vitro results suggest that the preparation of F. vesiculosus as a soup could have hypercholesterolemia lowering effect.
Brown algae have been part of the human diet for hundreds of years, however, in recent years, commercial and scientific interest in brown algae has increased due to the growing demand for healthier diet by the world population. Brown algae and its metabolites, such as carotenoids, polysaccharides, phlorotannins, and proteins, have been associated with multiple beneficial health effects for different diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, one of the main causes of death in Europe. Since high blood cholesterol levels are one of the major cardiovascular risks, this review intends to provide an overview of current knowledge about the anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of different brown algae species and/or their isolated compounds.
Bioisi MassSpec FacilityRationale: Fucus vesiculosus has been described with potential to develop functional foods containing bioactive compounds against various diseases. However, more studies are needed to better understand its functioning and its previously reported bioactivities, mainly at the molecular level.Methods: An untargeted metabolomic study was performed to analyse HepG2 cells exposed to F. vesiculosus aqueous extract, rich in phlorotannins and peptides, during 24 h. This study was carried out using liquid chromatography combined with highresolution tandem mass spectrometry.Results: This metabolomic study showed significant changes in HepG2 metabolites in the presence of the extract, standing out being the increased intensity of various fatty acid amides (oleamide, (Z)-eicos-11-enamide, linoleamide, palmitamide, dodecanamide and stearamide). This group of metabolites is reported in the literature with anticancer and hypocholesterolemic activity, bioactivities also described for F. vesiculosus. The extract induced, likewise, the expression of glutathione indicating its antioxidant effect.Conclusions: This study demonstrated the potential of the compounds present in the F. vesiculosus aqueous extract for the development of natural drugs, nutraceuticals or dietary supplements, justified at the molecular level by changes in cell metabolites related to anticancer and hypocholesterolemic activity. The results here described, using an untargeted metabolomic approach, may contribute to a better understanding of algal behaviour, when used as food, in health-promoting effects.
Fucus vesiculosus L. is a common coastal brown seaweed associated with various benefits to human health due to its phenolic content and nutrients and is used as food through different methods of consumption. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the seaweed’s gender and growth stage on different types of biological activities as well as its chemical constitution and elements present. Akin to food preparation, aqueous extracts of the seaweed were prepared at 25 °C (salad) and 100 °C (soup). Biological activities were determined by measuring total phenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) was used for compound identification, and elemental analysis was carried out by using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (TXRF). Older females and males had higher TPC compared to the new ones at 100 °C. Antioxidant activity depended on the extraction temperature but was higher for the youngest male at 100 °C. AChE inhibitory activity was higher for older males at 25 °C, but at 100 °C it was higher for older females. Primary metabolites and various phloroglucinol were the main compounds identified. Additionally, since this seaweed is often harvested in estuarine systems with high anthropogenic impacts, its safety was evaluated through the evaluation of the sample’s metal content. The heavy metals detected are within the limits established by various regulating entities, pointing to a safe food source.
A brown seaweed consumed worldwide, Fucus vesiculosus, has been used to prevent atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia, among other uses, however, the mechanisms of action that lead to these effects are not yet fully understood. An F. vesiculosus aqueous extract, prepared as a soup was characterized as rich in sev-eral bioactive compounds, mainly phlorotannin and peptides. This work aims to study the in vitro effect of this extract on the expression of different proteins involved in the synthesis and transport of cholesterol in HepG2 cells, though a proteomic analysis, western blot and qRT-PCR. The results demonstrated that, in liver cells, the extract decreases the expression of 4 proteins involved in cholesterol biosynthesis process and also decrease the expression of two important transporters proteins of cholesterol, NPC1L1 and ABCG5, as well as decrease the NPC1L1 mRNA levels. Our study demonstrates some mechanisms of action of bioactive com-pounds from F. vesiculosus that may explain its previously reported hypocholesterolemic effect.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.