Brown Algae Potential as a Functional Food against Hypercholesterolemia: Review

André, Rebeca; Pacheco, Rita; Bourbon, Mafalda; Serralheiro, Maria Luísa

doi:10.3390/foods10020234

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…There is wide evidence reporting that fucoxanthin is the most abundant pigment in brown algae [16], which supports the experimental results obtained. Indeed, fucoxanthin is the only pigment present in all extracts from all species, agreeing with the previous literature that admits this pigment as characteristic of brown algae [19]. The rest of the xantho-phylls exhibited very low concentrations, accounting for >80% lower concentrations than fucoxanthin (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Indeed, some of the species selected for this study are classified as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as LS and UP [18], which facilitates their commercial exploitation for food purposes. Moreover, AN, FS, HE and SL are found in the list of brown algae under regulation for human food application by the European Union [19].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pigment Composition of Nine Brown Algae from the Iberian Northwestern Coastline: Influence of the Extraction Solvent

et al. 2022

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Brown algae are ubiquitously distributed in the NW coastline of the Iberian Peninsula, where they stand as an underexploited resource. In this study, five solvents were applied to the extraction of pigments from nine brown algae, followed by their determination and quantification by HPLC-DAD. A total of 13 compounds were detected: Six were identified as chlorophylls, six were classified as xanthophylls, and one compound was reported as a carotene. Fucoxanthin was reported in all extracts, which is the most prominent pigment of these algae. Among them, L. saccharina and U. pinnatifida present the highest concentration of fucoxanthin (4.5–4.7 mg∙g−1 dry weight). Ethanol and acetone were revealed as the most efficient solvents for the extraction of pigments, showing a maximal value of 11.9 mg of total pigments per gram of dry alga obtained from the ethanolic extracts of H. elongata, followed by the acetonic extracts of L. ochroleuca. Indeed, ethanol was also revealed as the most efficient solvent according to its high extraction yield along all species evaluated. Our results supply insights into the pigment composition of brown algae, opening new perspectives on their commercial exploitation by food, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigment Composition of Nine Brown Algae from the Iberian Northwestern Coastline: Influence of the Extraction Solvent

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Data observed for EEB, in a free form or encapsulated in BSA NPs, were also similar to those registered for ezetimibe [ 81 ]. Ezetimibe acts by inhibiting the NPC1L1 protein, selectively preventing the absorption of dietary cholesterol by enterocytes [ 80 , 81 ]. EEB also was seen to decrease the permeation of the cholesterol through a simulated intestinal barrier, especially after encapsulation in BSA NPs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Nanoformulation of Seaweed Eisenia bicyclis in Albumin Nanoparticles Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

et al. 2022

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Natural products, especially those derived from seaweeds, are starting to be seen as effective against various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to design a novel oral formulation of bovine albumin serum nanoparticles (BSA NPs) loaded with an extract of Eisenia bicyclis and to validate its beneficial health effects, particularly targeting hypercholesterolemia and CVD prevention. Small and well-defined BSA NPs loaded with Eisenia bicyclis extract were successfully prepared exhibiting high encapsulation efficiency. Antioxidant activity and cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme 3-hydroxy-3 methylutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) inhibition, as well as reduction of cholesterol permeation in intestinal lining model cells, were assessed for the extract both in free and nanoformulated forms. The nanoformulation was more efficient than the free extract, particularly in terms of HMGR inhibition and cholesterol permeation reduction. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo assays in Wistar rats were performed to evaluate its safety and overall effects on metabolism. The results demonstrated that the Eisenia bicyclis extract and BSA NPs were not cytotoxic against human intestinal Caco-2 and liver HepG2 cells and were also safe after oral administration in the rat model. In addition, an innovative approach was adopted to compare the metabolomic profile of the serum from the animals involved in the in vivo assay, which showed the extract and nanoformulation’s impact on CVD-associated key metabolites. Altogether, these preliminary results revealed that the seaweed extract and the nanoformulation may constitute an alternative natural dosage form which is safe and simple to produce, capable of reducing cholesterol levels, and consequently helpful in preventing hypercholesterolemia, the main risk factor of CVDs.

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“…15,21 Previous studies reported the capacity of phlorotannins and peptides from F. vesiculosus and other brown algae to inhibit cholesterol intestinal absorption; however, the mechanism of action of these compounds is unknown. 5,22 The results of this metabolomic Exposure of cells to F. vesiculosus extract also significantly increased the relative intensity of a metabolite identified as 2-ketoctadec-9-enamide (Figure 5), with a FC of 148.988 (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Untargeted metabolomic study of HepG2 cells under the effect of Fucus vesiculosus aqueous extract

André

Guedes

López³

et al. 2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Bioisi MassSpec FacilityRationale: Fucus vesiculosus has been described with potential to develop functional foods containing bioactive compounds against various diseases. However, more studies are needed to better understand its functioning and its previously reported bioactivities, mainly at the molecular level.Methods: An untargeted metabolomic study was performed to analyse HepG2 cells exposed to F. vesiculosus aqueous extract, rich in phlorotannins and peptides, during 24 h. This study was carried out using liquid chromatography combined with highresolution tandem mass spectrometry.Results: This metabolomic study showed significant changes in HepG2 metabolites in the presence of the extract, standing out being the increased intensity of various fatty acid amides (oleamide, (Z)-eicos-11-enamide, linoleamide, palmitamide, dodecanamide and stearamide). This group of metabolites is reported in the literature with anticancer and hypocholesterolemic activity, bioactivities also described for F. vesiculosus. The extract induced, likewise, the expression of glutathione indicating its antioxidant effect.Conclusions: This study demonstrated the potential of the compounds present in the F. vesiculosus aqueous extract for the development of natural drugs, nutraceuticals or dietary supplements, justified at the molecular level by changes in cell metabolites related to anticancer and hypocholesterolemic activity. The results here described, using an untargeted metabolomic approach, may contribute to a better understanding of algal behaviour, when used as food, in health-promoting effects.

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Brown Algae Potential as a Functional Food against Hypercholesterolemia: Review

Cited by 28 publications

References 89 publications

Pigment Composition of Nine Brown Algae from the Iberian Northwestern Coastline: Influence of the Extraction Solvent

Pigment Composition of Nine Brown Algae from the Iberian Northwestern Coastline: Influence of the Extraction Solvent

Nanoformulation of Seaweed Eisenia bicyclis in Albumin Nanoparticles Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Untargeted metabolomic study of HepG2 cells under the effect of Fucus vesiculosus aqueous extract

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