Effect of Food Preparations on In Vitro Bioactivities and Chemical Components of Fucus vesiculosus

Abstract

Fucus vesiculosus is a brown macroalgae used in food and generally considered safe to be consumed, according to EU Directive (EC 258/97). The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of food preparation on F.vesiculosus of different origins on what concerns its chemical constituents and final bioactivities. The aqueous extract of the seaweeds were obtained at different temperatures, similar to food preparation and then purified by SPE. The compound identification was carried out by Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and algae extracts microstructure were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The activities were determined by using antioxidant activity, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 3-hidroxi-3-methyl-glutaril-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGR) together with Caco-2 cells line simulating the intestinal barrier. The activity of AChE and the HMGR were inhibited by the extracts giving IC50 values of 15.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL and 4.2 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively and 45% of the cholesterol permeation inhibition. The main compounds identified were phlorotannins and peptides derivatives. The mode of preparation significantly influenced the final bioactivities. Moreover, the in vitro results suggest that the preparation of F. vesiculosus as a soup could have hypercholesterolemia lowering effect.

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from a Jujube By-Product with Valuable Bioactivities

“…These are in good agreement to our previous results from Centaurium erythraea extracts [37]. However, this drug is a pure compound while Zls is a mixture of several compounds some of which may show significant activities but which are masked in the mixture [59]. Several bioactive compounds mainly polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, and triterpenes were found to have a good hypolipidemic activity against HMGR [66][67][68].…”

“…Major medicinal plant extracts showed some level of inhibitory activity against the AChE. This could be attributed to the phytochemicals mostly phenolic compounds present in the extract and their possible synergistic interaction effect [59][60][61][62][63][64]. To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first report on in vitro inhibition of the AChE enzyme by Zls extracts under the effect of ultrasound extraction where the interest of its application against Alzheimer's disease.…”

“…Furthermore, Fucus vesiculosus extracts from Tagus estuary presented an IC 50 of 840.85 µg/mL which is in well agreement than our AChE inhibitory from Zls. In addition, the standard galantamine showed an IC 50 of 0.14 µg/mL that is lower than these extracts [59]. These suggests that the intestinal motility may be affected by its consumption although with a much less effect comparatively to the chemical drugs [37].…”

Brown Algae Potential as a Functional Food against Hypercholesterolemia: Review

“…The hypolipidemic activity of phlorotannins and their mode of action have not yet been completely described, but it has already been demonstrated that these compounds affect the biosynthesis and absorption of cholesterol [ 13 ]. Polyphenol-rich extract of Fucus vesiculosus and Ecklonia cava have showed the capacity to inhibit the cholesterol absorption ( Table 4 ) [ 89 , 90 ], however, its mode of action is still not clear. In fact, previous studies suggested that the Ecklonia cava may have the capacity to inhibit the cholesterol esterase, since the inhibition of this enzyme limits the absorption of dietary cholesterol [ 10 ].…”

“…Other studies have reported that the hypolipidemic effect of phlorotannins may also be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of these compounds, leading to the suppression of fat-induced hepatic damage and, consequently, blood lipid normalization [ 13 , 52 ]. Furthermore, it has been reported that phlorotannin-rich extracts of F. vesiculosus and Ecklonia cava as well as purified dieckol have the capacity to inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, affecting cholesterol synthesis [ 90 , 94 ], thus demonstrating that phlorotannins can act with the same mode of action as statins.…”