Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from a Jujube By-Product with Valuable Bioactivities

Abstract

Jujube plant is a potential source of polyphenols with biological propreties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of ultrasound technique for extracting phenolic compounds (TPC) from seeds of Zizyphus lotus under optimization conditions based on response surface methodology. A maximum TPC, total flavonoids content (TFC), and total condensed tannins content (TTC) of 2383.10 ± 0.87 mg GAE/100g, 486.50 ± 0.38 mg QE/100g and 15,787.10 ± 0.10 mg CE/100g, respectively obtained under ethanol concentration 50.16%, sonication temperature 29.01 °C, sonication time 15.94 min and solvent-to-solid ratio 34.10:1 mL/g. The optimized extract was then evaluated for its antioxidant, antiacethylcholinesterase, antihypercholesterolemia, and antiproliferative activities. The results showed that ultrasound method is a green and safe method that can be used to effectively extract TPC from jujube seeds. The biological activity of Zizyphus extract exhibited a very good antioxidant against DPPH (EC50 = 0.39 µg/mL) and FRAP (1670.42 ± 6.5 mg/100 g). Additionally, it possesses acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effect (IC50 = 0.93 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and HMGR inhibition (45.41%) using 100 µg/mL. The extract significantly inhibits cell proliferation on the MCF-7 and HepG2 tumor cell lines with an IC50 values of <0.05 and 3 ± 0.55 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the ultrasound method can be considered a method for obtaining a significant anticancer activity with respect to the lines and therefore makes it possible to recover a maximum of phenolic compounds in less time with an AChE and HMGR inhibitory activity. Thus, it can be suggested that Zls extract is a promising fruit for the development of supplementary dietary due to its potential behaviour as nutraceutical.

Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. plant treatment by ultrasounds and microwaves to improve antioxidants yield and quality: An overview

“…More recently, in our previous work, we found that phenolic compounds extracted from jujube seeds using UAE under a RSM study have shown a higher yield (2383.10 ± 0.87 mg GAE/100g) at applied conditions of 29.01 °C, 15.94 min, ethanol 50.16%, and liquid to solid ratio of 34.10:1 mL/g. This yield was significantly correlated with the antioxidant activities tested against DPPH (EC50 of 0.39 µg/mL) and FRAP (1670.42 ± 6.5 mg/100 g) 82 .…”

The Red Blood Cells Catalase Activity Is Influenced by Taraxacum Officinale

“…Taraxacum officinale is not a single example which describes how important is the type of solvent, the literature abounds in fresh data which underlines the importance of extractant type and its concentration (17)(18)(19). Additional studies are needed to characterize biological activities of these extracts.…”

Prospects of ultrasonically extracted food bioactives in the field of non-invasive biomedical applications – A review

“…These effects may be due to the reduction of antioxidant, lipid peroxidation, and anticholesterolemic activity caused by the polyphenols and flavonoids of Jujuba plant extracts [162] . The sonochemical effect on the molecules from the temperature and sonication time on one another proves that the extraction yield for polar molecules in a hydro-alcoholic solvent is increased by extended sonication times [158] .…”

“…The Zizyphus lotus HGMR inhibitory activity (anti-lipidemic activity) was evaluated at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, and the ultrasound extracted content showed an activity of 45.41 %, which is higher when compared to that of conventional extraction methods [157] , [158] . Kim et al have shown the improvement of the serum lipid profile of Sprague Dawley male rats upon consumption of water-based extracts of Jujuba seeds for 10 days, and thus these extracts can reduce hyperlipidemia and alleviate the related cardiovascular diseases [159] .…”