Polyvinylpyrrolidone includes soluble and insoluble grades; soluble grades are synthesised by the mechanism of polymerization, the free radical polymerization into water by using hydrogen peroxide as an initiator, the mechanism which terminates the polymerisation reaction makes it probable to produce soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone of about any molecular weight. Cross-linked polymer shows yield through popcorn polymerisation of an N-vinylpyrrolidone which gets insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone. Kollidon is in the market as a brand name for polyvinylpyrrolidone, kollidon family now is a set of common excipients based on polyvinylpyrrolidone for use in pharmaceutical industry. They have a great variety of applications in an oral formulation; the functions of oral formulation encompass fast disintegration, sustain drug release, solubility, bioavailability enhancement, and stabilize the active ingredient. Kollidon containing a mixture of polyvinyl acetate plus povidone are generally used in the formation of sustained release formulation. Owing to their high molecular weight, are recognized as a suitable vehicle for producing sustained release drug delivery system. In this review paper, applications of different grades of kollidon are organized in the form of tables and reviewed critically. Current literature of patents on kollidon based formulations is also presented.
Over recent years, there have been many efforts to develop the absorption rate of medications and the therapeutic efficacy of oral dosage types. GRDDS for strengthen the pharmacological effects of drugs with a small uptake site, are unbalanced at pH greater than 7, are dissolved under acidic region, and are effective local region in the stomach. The gastro retentive systems that have the different evaluation parameter that according to the dosage forms. There are many criteria for the choosing of the drug used in the gastro-retardant systems as the drug should be sparingly stable, it should be compatible with the gastric region, and narrow absorption. In this review, we have summarized the information related to the various approaches for enhancing and prolonging of the dosage forms in the stomach for their extended-release of action. Also talking about the many natural and synthetic polymers is used in the formulation with their different grade and their ratio that affects on the release action. The many scientist and inventors have increased their interest in developing the novel dosage forms and they staying in the stomach for showing the prolonged period action. We have also discussed the novel technology are involved in the gastric retention many companies has been developed the polymer grades for using it in the formulation for showing the retention action. Keywords: Introduction, Approaches, Novel technologies, Polymer used in floating systems.
The use of nanotechnology based on the development and fabrication of nanostructures is one approach that has been employed to overcome the challenges involved with conventional drug delivery systems. Formulating Nanoplex is the new trend in nanotechnology. A nanoplex is a complex formed by a drug nanoparticle with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. Both cationic and anionic drugs form complexes with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Compared with other nanostructures, the yield of Nanoplex is greater and the complexation efficiency is better. Nanoplex are also easier to prepare. Nanoplex formulation is characterized through the production yield, complexation efficiency, drug loading, particle size and zeta potential using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and dialysis studies. Nanoplex have wide-ranging applications in different fields such as cancer therapy, gene drug delivery, drug delivery to the brain and protein and peptide drug delivery.Uniterms: Nanotechnology. Nanoplex/formulation. Nanoplex/characterization. Nanoplex/applications O uso da nanotecnologia baseada no desenvolvimento e na fabricação de nanoestruturas é uma abordagem que tem sido empregada para superar os desafios envolvidos nos sistemas de liberação de fármacos convencionais. A formulação de nanoplexos é a nova tendência na nanotecnologia. Um nanoplexo é um complexo formado pela nanopartícula do fármaco com poplieletrólito de carga oposta. Tanto fármacos catiônicos quanto aniônicos formam complexos com polieletrólitos opostamente carregados. Comparado com outras nanoestruturas, o rendimento dos nanoplexos é maior e a eficiência de complexação é melhor. Nanoplexos são, também. De mais fácil preparação. A formulação de nanoplexo é caracterizada pelo rendimento de produção, eficiência de complexação, carga do fármaco, tamanho de partícula e potencial zeta, utilizando microscopia eletrônica de varredura, calorimetria exploratória diferencial, difração de raios X e estudos de diálise. Os nanoplexos têm aplicações amplas em diferentes campos, como terapia antineoplásica, liberação em terapia gênica, liberação cerebral de fármaco, liberação de fármacos protéicos e peptídicos.Unitermos: Nanotecnologia. Nanoplexos/formulação. Nanoplexos/caracterização. Nanoplexos/ aplicações.
Background: Liposome offers many advantages over conventional dosage forms, like increased bioavailability, possibility of releasing drug at slower and constant rate, accurate drug release. Docetaxel is approved by the FDA for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, head and neck cancer, gastric cancer. Docetaxel is BCS Class 4 drug; hence efficacy can be improved with liposomal formulation. Objectives: The Present study prepared Docetaxel loaded liposomal formulation. Materials and Methods: Formulation batches were designed on the basis of solvent, lipid to cholesterol ratio, lipid to release modifier ratio, hydration temperature and various physicochemical and morphological properties of formulation were examined. The zeta potential, particle size determination, pH, stability, determination of encapsulation efficacy, morphology of formulation and in-vitro drug release were investigated. Results: The zeta potential values of FD5 and FD9 were found to be -12.6 to -12.9 mV and -10.6 to -11.9 mV respectively. The entrapment efficiency of formulations of batch FD5 and FD9 were found to be 83.20% and 85.22% respectively. By comparing both FD5 and FD9 it was found that FD9 batch is optimized than FD5 in all aspects. The formulation batch FD9 has particle size of 105 nm, zeta potential in range of -10.6 to -11.9 mV; Drug entrapment efficiency 85.22%, Assay of formulation was 99.56 % and FD9 formulation shows extended release of Drug up to 13 hours. Conclusion: The study confirmed that the Liposome formulation was successfully prepared and evaluated.
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