Ipomoea staphylina plant ethanolic extract was subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical and quantitative GC-MS analysis with analyzing its antibacterial activity by the standard method. The preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis is done by standard procedure and quantitative GCMS analysis is done by subjecting it to GC Model: Thermo Trace GC Ultra model instrument. Antibacterial activity is done by the standard agar well diffusion method. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis for pet ether and chloroform extract confirms for fewer phytochemicals but ethanolic extract confirms for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, phenols and sterols. GC-MS analysis of I. staphylina ethanolic leaf extract confirms the presence of 79 compounds, out of these 24 compounds were unknown and 55 compounds were known for its medicinal properties. The antibacterial experiment revealed that I. staphylina plant ethanolic extract has appreciable antibacterial activity in all tested concentrations against selected bacterial pathogens but comparably less with the standard ciprofloxacin used but pet ether and chloroform extract showed negligible antibacterial activity. I. staphylina plant could be exploited as a valuable source of antibacterial agent enriching with known antibacterial compounds.

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In the scope of the research program aiming to perform the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel possible anti-inflammatory compounds, in this manuscript, we report the synthesis of novel carboxamide 9a-d and thioamide 10a-d derivatives from the benzophenone and piperidine nucleus. Variation in the functional group at the N-terminal of piperidine led to two sets of compounds, bearing the carboxamide and thioamide, respectively. The characterization of this new class of compounds was performed with (1)H-NMR, LC-MS, IR, and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced foot pad oedema assay and were compared with a standard drug. All the compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 30 mg/kg p.o. with varying degree from 52 to 67% inhibition of oedema. The compounds 9d and 10d with dichloro and fluoro substitution showed more potent activity at 30 mg/kg p.o. than the standard drug.

This research work explores the productive performance of local paddy landraces under different fertility levels as well as the role of microbial inoculants in improving the yields of paddy landraces and reducing nutrient additions by increasing nutrient use efficiency under changing climatic scenarios in coastal areas. The landrace Padmarekha recorded taller plants, more tillers per hill, higher total dry matter accumulation other than grain and straw yields besides better uptake of N, P2O5, K2O, S and Zn. Further, nutrient management with the application of 100% of the recommended doses of fertilizers combined with biofertilizers including Azospirillum + Bacillus megatherium var. Phosphoticum + Frateuria quaratia + Thiobacillus thiooxidans + Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza recorded higher growth and yield traits in addition to improving the uptake of nutrients and partial factor productivity. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer, inoculated with biofertilizers, would be helpful in increasing the efficiency of applied nutrients in addition to improving yield and nutrient use efficiency.

Objective: Pavetta crassicaulis Bremek. (F: Rubiaceae) plant extracts were subjected to anti-inflammatory experiment by using carrageenin-induced rat hind paw edema method.Methods: Groups of 5 rats of both sexes (pregnant females excluded) were given a dose of the extract. After 1 h, 0.1 ml, 1% carrageenan suspension in 0.9% NaCl solution was injected into the subplantar tissue of the right hind paw. Paw volume was measured plethysmometrically at 0 h and 3 h after carrageenin injection.Results: Anti-inflammatory experiments revealed that, the leaf and flower ethanolic extract of the P. crassicaulis Bremek. plant shown excellent anti-inflammatory and its extracted pure compounds, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol and 4H-pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro3,5- dihydroxy-6-methyl- is a pure compound isolated from the Pavetta crassicaulis flower extract. showed excellent anti-inflammatory activity compared with the standard.Conclusion: P. crassicaulis Bremek. leaf and flower could be exploited as a valuable source of anti-inflammatory agent for the pharmaceutical industry.

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Herbal medicines have played a vital role in the evolution of humanity and civilization. The fruits of the plant Zanthoxylum were collected from the study field, washed, dried in the shade and powdered. Soxhlation method was used to make different solvent extract of fruit. The different fruit extracts were examined against P. aeruginosa, P. syringe, S. aureus, S. typhi, K. pneumonia and E. coli by agar well diffusion method and for the detection of biochemical components present in the Zanthoxylum fruit, methanolic fruit extract was analyzed using GC-MS. Results showed that, the methanolic extract of fruit is found to be exhibit activity against P. aeruginosa, P. syringe, S. aureus, S. typhi, K. pneumonia and E. coli when compared to the hexane and ethyl acetate. The discovery of 46 bioactive compounds in methanolic fruit extract was verified by their molecular formula, molecular weight, and area peak percentage. In which 6 bioactive compounds such as 6-octadecanoic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Ethyl oleate, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, Glycerin and 1, 2-dimethoxy-4-(2-methoxyethenyl) benzene compounds showed highest peak area percentage of 26.14, 13.61, 8.56, 6.12 and 6.08% respectively. The compounds found in this research may be responsible for some of the medicinal action of the Z. ovalifolium fruit and may be useful in the development of new medicines.

Objective: The object of the present study, the methanolic leaf extract of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium was examined for anti-inflammatory activity and tested using carrageenan-induced paw edema in albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were grouped into five, each group consisting of six animals, Group I (negative control) received 1 ml of saline, Group II (standard) received 10 mg/kg p. o. of indomethacin, and remaining three groups received three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg p. o.) of the methanolic leaf extract after 1 h 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan injection. The result of anti-inflammatory activity was set up to be dose-dependent in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Results: The methanolic leaf extract has shown significant (p<0.001) inhibition of paw edema, 66%, 66.03%, and 69.29% on the 3rd h at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p. o., respectively. The results were expressed as the Mean±standard error of mean and statistical significance was analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. The methanolic leaf of Z. ovalifolium extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with the standard drug indomethacin. Conclusion: Methanolic leaf extract of Z.ovalifolium showed excellent results in the anti-inflammatory experiment so, the plant can be explored as a potential medicine in suppressing inflammation.