This study aimed to quantify the levels of resveratrol, coumarin, and other bioactives in pulps and by-products of twelve tropical fruits from Brazil obtained during pulp production process. Pineapple, acerola, monbin, cashew apple, guava, soursop, papaya, mango, passion fruit, surinam cherry, sapodilla, and tamarind pulps were evaluated as well as their by-products (peel, pulp's leftovers, and seed). Total phenolic, anthocyanins, yellow flavonoids, β-carotene and lycopene levels were also determined. Resveratrol was identified in guava and surinam cherry by-products and coumarin in passion fruit, guava and surinam cherry by-products and mango pulp. These fruit pulp and by-products could be considered a new natural source of both compounds. Overall, fruit by-products presented higher (P<0.05) bioactive content than their respective fruit pulps. This study provides novel information about tropical fruits and their by-products bioactive composition, which is essential for the understanding of their nutraceutical potential and future application in the food industry.

Light microscopical and ultrastructural characterization of goat preantral follicles AbstractGoat ovarian preantral follicles were morphologically and ultrastructurally described in this work. Primordial follicles are oocytes surrounded by one layer of squamous or squamouscuboidal granulosa cells; primary follicles have a single layer of cuboidal granulosa cells, and secondary follicles are oocytes surrounded by two or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells. At all developmental stages a thick layer of glycoproteins, the basement membrane, surrounded the preantral follicles. The quiescent oocyte is spherical or oval and it has a large eccentrically located nucleus with a conspicuous nucleolus. The organelles were uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm. A large number of vesicles were spread throughout the cytoplasm in all the oocytes. The cytoplasm of oocytes also contains numerous rounded mitochondria besides the usual organelles. As the follicle develops, the mitochondria become elongated. The communication between the oocyte and the granulosa cells is apparently mediated through endocytosis as indicated by the abundant coated pits and vesicles noted in the cortical cytoplasm of the oocyte. The oocyte plasma membrane presented projections that penetrated between adjacent granulosa cells and a few short microvilli lying parallel to the oocyte surface. In secondary follicles, patches of zona pellucida material were observed. Overall, the results indicate that the morphological and ultrastructural organization of caprine preantral follicles resembles that of other mammals. However, some particularities were observed, and that may indicate species specific differences.

, REGILDA SARAIVA DOS REIS MOREIRA-ARAÚJO 5 RESUMO -Informações a respeito das características químicas e do valor nutritivo dos frutos do cerrado são ferramentas básicas para a avaliação do consumo e para a formulação de novos produtos. No entanto, poucos dados estão disponíveis na literatura especializada com relação à composição química destes frutos e sua aplicação tecnológica, ressaltando a necessidade de pesquisas científicas sobre o assunto. Realizou-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de caracterizar físico-quimicamente e determinar a atividade antioxidante in vitro, pelo método DPPH, da cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica), cajuzinho-do-cerrado (Anacardium humile), chichá (Sterculia striata Naud.), jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart.) e macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata Mart.). Os frutos foram colhidos na EMBRAPA -MEIO NORTE -PI, e na Cidade de Corrente-PI. Analisaram-se as características físicas (peso, comprimento e diâmetro), químicas (umidade, cinzas, lipídeos, proteínas, carboidratos), Valor Energético Total (VET), conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides, antocianinas, β-caroteno, licopeno, vitamina C e atividade antioxidante pelo método DPPH. As amostras foram analisadas em dois lotes, e cada análise, em triplicata. Para a análise dos dados, foi elaborado um banco de dados, utilizando-se do programa estatístico EPI INFO, versão 6.04b, e o programa EXCEL. Os resultados obtidos para os compostos bioativos estudados demonstraram que todos os frutos apresentaram quantidade elevada de vitamina C (mg/100g), destacando-se o cajuzinho-do-cerrado (500). Os frutos que apresentaram maior capacidade antioxidante, expressos em capacidade de reduzir em 50% a atividade do radical livre DPPH (EC50mg/L), foram cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica Dc.) e cajuzinho-do-cerrado (Anacardium humile). Concluiu-se, portanto, que os frutos pesquisados apresentaram bom valor nutritivo, um elevado conteúdo de compostos bioativos e demonstraram atividade antioxidante. Termos para Indexação: frutos nativos, compostos bioativos, capacidade antioxidante (DPPH). PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY (in vitro) OF FRUIT OF THE PIAUI SAVANNAABSTRACT -Details about the chemical characterist composition and nutritional value of the cerrado fruits are basic tools for evaluating the consumption and formulation of new products. However, few data are available in the literature with regard to chemical composition of these fruits and their technological application, highlighting the need for scientific research on the subject. It was performed the present study aiming at characterizing the physical-chemical and determine the antioxidant activity in vitro by the DPPH method, the cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) cajuzinho-do-cerrado (Anacardium humile), chichá (Sterculia striata Naud .), jatoba-do-cerrado (Hymenaeastigonocarpa Mart.) and macaúba (Acrocomiaaculeata Mart.). The fruits were harvested at EMBRAPA -MID NORTH -PI and Correntes City -PI. It was analyzed the physical characteristics (weight, length and diame...

SummaryOsmotic dehydration represents a technological alternative to reduce post-harvest losses of fruits. In this work, the influence of the osmotic solution concentration and osmotic solution to fruit weight ratio was examined on the osmotic dehydration of melons under vacuum. The process of osmotic dehydration followed by air-drying was studied and modelled so that it could be optimised. The developed model has been validated with experimental data and simulations have shown that how the operating conditions affect the process. An optimisation was done using the model in order to search for the best operating condition that would reduce the total processing time.

Considering the lack of research studies about nutrients' bioaccessibility in cashew apple, in this study the whole cashew apple juice and the cashew apple fibre were submitted to simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The samples were analysed before and after digestion and had their copper, iron, zinc, ascorbic acid, total extractable phenols and total antioxidant activity assessed. As a result, for the whole cashew apple juice, the content of copper and iron minerals bioaccessible fraction were 15% and 11.5% and for zinc this level was 3.7%. Regarding the cashew apple fibre, the bioaccessible fraction for these minerals was lower than 5%. The ascorbic acid, total extractable polyphenols and total antioxidant activity bioaccessible fraction for whole cashew apple juice showed bioaccessibility percentages of 26.2%, 39% and 27%, respectively, while for the cashew apple fibre, low bioaccessibles levels were found. The bioacessible percentage of zinc, ascorbic acid and total extractable polyphenols were higher in cashew apple juice than cashew apple fibre.

This study involved an attempt to totally or partially replace maltodextrin DE10 (MD10) by cashew tree gum (CTG) as a drying aid agent in spray drying of cashew apple juice. The objective was to evaluate the impact of drying aid/cashew apple juice dry weight ratio (D/C, ranging from 3 to 5) and degree of replacement of MD10 with CTG (CTG R , ranging from 0% to 100%) on ascorbic acid retention (AAR), hygroscopicity, flowability and water solubility of spray dried cashew apple juice powder. AAR was increased from 72.90% to 95.46% by increasing D/C from 3 to 5. CTG was shown as a promising maltodextrin replacer, being more effective than the latter to decrease powder hygroscopicity. The most adequate drying conditions (D/C = 5, CTG R ‡50%) resulted in more than 90% of AAR, and produced a powder with good flowing properties and water solubility.

RESUMOCom o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de diferentes clones de mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) para consumo como fruto fresco e/ou industrializado, foram avaliados 10 clones: Ipojuca 3, 4 e 5 (IPJ 3, 4 e 5); Nizia Floresta 1, 6 e 8 (NIF 1, 6 e 8); Parnamirim 11 (PAR 11); Rio Tinto 7 (RIT 7); Extremoz 1 (EXT 1) e Touros 48 (TOU 48), oriundos de um Jardim Clonal instalado em 1996 do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Estação Experimental de Mangabeira, pertencente a EMEPA Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Paraíba, situada em João Pessoa, PB. As mangabas foram colhidas manualmente em estádio de maturidade fisiológica, acondicionadas em caixas plásticas de transporte forradas no fundo com espuma de poliestireno e transportadas ao Laboratório de Fisiologia e Tecnologia Pós-colheita da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, onde foram caracterizadas física, físico-química e quimicamente. As características de qualidade analisadas foram: massa total do fruto; comprimento, diâmetro, firmeza, número de sementes; rendimento de polpa + casca; percentagem de sementes; pH; acidez total titulável (ATT); sólidos solúveis totais (SST); relação SST/ATT; vitamina C total; açúcares solúveis totais; açúcares redutores, fenólicos poliméricos, oligoméricos e dímeros. A análise de variância revelou diferenças estatísticas para todas as características pelo Teste F. De um modo geral os frutos de mangabeira dos clones avaliados apresentaram características superiores às observadas na literatura, especialmente quanto aos padrões estabelecidos pela I.N. nº 1 de 07/01/2000 do MAPA. Dentre os materiais genéticos avaliados pode-se destacar os clones RIT 8 e TOU 48 como os mais promissores para o mercado de frutas in natura, e os clones IPJ 3 e NIF 6 para o processamento agroindustrial. Termos para indexação: Pós-colheita, vitamina C, fenólicos, mangaba, Hancornia speciosa. ABSTRACTThis work aimed to evaluate the postharvest quality of fruits from different mangabeira clones (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) for industrialization and/or in natura consumption. Fruits were analyzed from the following mangaba tree clones: Ipojuca 3, 4 and 5 (IPJ 3, 4 and 5); Nizia Floresta 1, 6 and 8 (NIF 1, 6 and 8); Parnamirim 11 (PAR 11); Rio Tinto (RIT 7); Extremoz 1 (EXT 1) and Touros 48 (TOU 48), grown as part of the germoplasma bank at Mangabeira Experimental Station of EMEPA -Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Paraíba, located at João Pessoa-PB, Brazil. Mangabas, were manually packed into polystyrene lined plastic boxes and transported to the Postharvest Physiology and Technology Laboratory at Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, at Fortaleza-CE. At Embrapa, fruits were analysed for chemical and physical-chemical quality parameters. Quality parameters analyzed were weight, length and diameter, texture, number of seeds, yield pulp and skin, pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), TSS/TTA ratio, total vitamin C, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, phenols as dimers, oligomers and polymers. Statistic...

O processamento mínimo tem sido descrito como a manipulação, o preparo, embalagem e a distribuição de produtos agrícolas, através de procedimentos como seleção, limpeza, lavagem, descascamento e corte, que não afetem suas características organolépticas, agregando valor aos mesmos. Vários fatores limitam o consumo destes produtos, os quais estão envolvidos na sua vida útil, tais como: aumento da respiração e da produção de etileno, escurecimento enzimático, descoloração da superfície, perda de água e, sobretudo, alterações microbiológicas. No presente trabalho, o enfoque foi dado a este ultimo fator. Foram analisadas 20 amostras de goiaba, manga, melão japonês, mamão formosa e abacaxi minimamente processados e comercializados em supermercados da cidade de Fortaleza-CE, considerando-se a quantificação de coliformes totais, fecais, bolores e leveduras, e detecção de bactérias potencialmente patogênicas, tais como Salmonella sp e Staphylococcus coagulase positivo. Através dos resultados deste trabalho, permitiu-se sugerir a necessidade de controle de qualidade, observando as boas práticas de fabricação, para posterior implementação de um sistema preventivo de APPCC, análise de perigos e pontos críticos de controle, para se assegurar um produto saudável e seguro para o consumidor.