The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

Sapotaceae is a large family of angiosperms which has predominantly tree species, and worldwide distribution in subtropical and tropical regions. The Neotropics are one of the greatest centers of diversity of Sapotaceae, and in Brazil, the family comprises 12 genera and 234 species, of which 103 species are endemic. We present here a taxonomic treatment for the native species of Sapotaceae from the State of Paraná, with an identification key, descriptions, geographic distribution, phenology, illustrations, and current conservation status for all taxa. Twenty-two species were documented in Paraná, belonging to seven genera. The richest genus was Pouteria with 11 species, followed by Chrysophyllum with five species and Pradosia with two species. The genera Diploon, Ecclinusa, Manilkara, and Sideroxylon have only one species each. Pouteria guianensis and Pouteria ramiflora are new records for the state. The Atlantic Rain Forest is the richest vegetation type with six genera and 13 species, followed by the Seasonal Forest with three genera and nine species. The Araucaria Forest and Cerrado have two genera each, the former with three species and the latter with two species. Out of 22 species, one has been mentioned as endangered (EN), one is vulnerable (VU), one is near threatened (NT), nine are least concern (LC), and ten have not been evaluated (NE).

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Resumo A família Lauraceae se destaca na composição florística das formações florestais paranaenses, sendo estimadas na Floresta Ombrófila Mista, 23 espécies. Entretanto, a identificação de amostras estéreis é prejudicada, visto que flores e frutos apresentam as melhores condições na determinação das espécies. Este trabalho tem por objetivo quantificar a riqueza florística da família em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista e avaliar os caracteres macromorfológicos vegetativos das espécies, buscando padrões que permitam seu reconhecimento prático. Os indivíduos da família foram localizados em campo através de buscas periódicas. Amostras férteis foram coletadas para identificação das espécies através de comparações com materiais de referência e consulta à bibliografia específica. Na caracterização macromorfológica foram selecionados pelo menos dez indivíduos de porte e ambiente similares ou, quando em menor número, todos os indivíduos existentes. Foram identificadas nove espécies de Lauraceae. O trabalho apresenta uma chave dicotômica baseada em caracteres morfológicos vegetativos, descrições e fotografias das espécies encontradas. A diferenciação através de características de folhas mostrou-se mais efetiva para as espécies de Aiouea e Nectandra, enquanto caracteres de casca interna e ramos assumem função importante em Ocotea.

The teams of Escola de Florestas de Curitiba (EFC) and Museu Botânico Municipal (MBM) herbaria, Curitiba, Brazil, made field expeditions between the years 2017 and 2019 to increase the knowledge of the flora of Paraná state, southern Brazil. Four new records of tree species are reported: Cinnamodendron occhionianum F.Barros & J.Salazar (Canellaceae), Cryptocarya botelhensis P.L.R.Moraes (Lauraceae), Henriettea glabra (Vell.) Penneys, Michelang., Judd et Almeda (Melastomataceae) and Virola gardneri (A.DC.) Warb. (Myristicaceae). The genus Henriettea is recorded from the state of Paraná for the first time. All four species occur in the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição florística de indivíduos arbóreos com CAP≥ 15 cm presentes em um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, localizado no campus Barigüi da Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná-UTP, município de Curitiba – PR. Todos os indivíduos foram amostrados através da coleta de material vegetativo e quando possível material fértil, com identificação realizada por especialistas. Foram identificadas 33 espécies entre nativas e exóticas, divididas em 30 gêneros e 23 famílias botânicas. Foram identificadas famílias representativas da formação original, entre as quais Araucariaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Podocarpaceae e Tiliaceae e sub-bosque preservado contendo indivíduos com alturas e diâmetros variados, o que indica a potencial regeneração da área. Exemplares de espécies exóticas como Pinus elliottii , Hovenia dulcis, Eriobotrya japonica, Morus nigra, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis e Citrus arantium também foram verificados, indicando necessidade de um futuro manejo. As informações obtidas nesta pesquisa constituem a primeira etapa de levantamentos para a utilização da área em futuras pesquisas e ações de conservação e educação ambiental.