Population aging and declining birth rate have significantly altered the Brazilian age structure pyramid. In parallel with demographic transition, epidemiological transition is altering morbidity-mortality profiles, without adequate health support for the elderly population group. By searching databases, the objective of this study was a systemic literature review from 1986 to 2004 concerning the most prevalent oral problems experienced by elderly Brazilians, aimed at revealing the main obstacles for accessing health services. Mean DMFT index values in this study ranged from 25 to 31. Most articles reported a high percentage of edentulism. The main barriers for access to dental services were poor education, low income, and scarcity of public oral health services. Brazilian elderly oral health is thus precarious, with high edentulism rates, periodontal problems, decayed teeth, and great need for prostheses, reflecting the historical inefficacy of public dental services, limited to serial extractions and emergency services, based on the curative model.

Dental pain prevalence in Brazilian preschool children was high and influenced by contextual and individual factors.

This study aimed to identify factors associated with edentulism and spatial risk of tooth loss in the elderly. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a random sample (n = 372) of individuals 60 years and older in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Southeast Brazil, in 2005. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance. Spatial analysis was performed using Kernel intensity estimation. Prevalence of edentulism was 63.17%. Socio-demographic factors associated with edentulism according to multiple regression were low schooling, household crowding, not owning a car, older age, lack of a regular dentist, and the last dental visit three previously or longer. Spatial analysis showed greater risk of edentulism in the peripheral areas of the city. The results help understand the high prevalence of tooth loss among the elderly, thus providing essential information for planning oral health interventions.

O acelerado aumento do número de casos de doença pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) exige que os países aumentem as vagas nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). Doenças respiratórias, neoplasias, cardiopatias, hipertensão e diabetes aumentam sua letalidade. O estudo objetivou identificar tanto as regiões com as maiores taxas de mortalidade específica por essas doenças quanto as com maior escassez de UTI e ventiladores pulmonares. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico transversal, as unidades de análise foram as Regiões de Saúde no Brasil. A fonte de dados foi o Departamento de Informática do SUS - DATASUS (Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde - 2019, Sistemas de Informação de Mortalidade - 2017 e Projeções Populacionais - 2017). Foram calculadas as taxas por 100 mil habitantes de mortalidade específica para hipertensão, neoplasias, diabetes, doenças cardíacas e respiratórias, leitos de UTI total, leitos de UTI privados, leitos de UTI do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e ventiladores do SUS. O perfil de mortalidade foi determinado pela análise de perfis latentes, e a análise de clusters dos leitos e ventiladores foi feita pelo método de varredura espacial. Mapas de Kernel foram construídos para a visualização dos dados. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Observou-se quatro perfis latentes de mortalidade. As regiões de saúde com as maiores médias na mortalidade estão localizadas em regiões cuja escassez de leitos de UTI e de ventiladores foi visualizada, especialmente, em partes das regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul. A localização espacial das regiões com maior mortalidade e com escassez de leitos de UTI/ventiladores requer a atenção dos gestores e planejadores públicos, para o enfrentamento eficiente e equânime da epidemia no Brasil.

Tooth loss in middle-aged adults has important associations with social determinants of health. This study points to the importance of the social context as the main cause of oral health injuries suffered by most middle-aged Brazilian adults.

Objective:This study aimed to asses oral health conditions in a population aged 60 years and over living in Botucatu, Southeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out using a random sample (N=372) of the urban population aged 60 years and over from the city of Botucatu, in 2005. World Health Organization criteria and codes for oral health epidemiological surveys were used. Re-examination was carried out in 10% of individuals aiming to evaluate intra-examiner agreement. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, as applicable. Also, the t-test was used in the absence of homoscedasticity. Fisher's exact test was used for situations where the categories with less than five units were observed. Adjusted residuals and multiple-comparison analysis were conducted to identify associations between variable categories and subgroups. The intra-examiner agreement was 98% and Kappa statistics result was 0.95. Loss component represented 90.68% of DMF-T index, which was 29.85. The prevalence of edentulism was 63.17%. Upper and lower dentures were found in 80% and 58% respectively, with complete denture as the most commonly used. In those studied, 15% required upper and 38% lower dentures. There was more need for complete denture in both jaws. Approximately 20% had soft tissue alterations. For periodontal conditions, most sextants were excluded (81.81%). Periodontal pockets (4 – 5 mm) were seen in 11.29% of the examined individuals. The oral health status of the elderly population in Botucatu is poor, as well as in other Brazilian cities. The results of this study may help planning collective health actions, giving an accurate description of the oral problems among the elderly.

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence and severity of dental caries in Brazilian children and the association with individual and contextual factors. METHODS:Data were taken from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil 2010) a sample of 7,247 12-year-olds. The data were collected using clinical examinations and interviews. The dependent variables were the prevalence of dental caries (decayed, missing and fi lled teeth [DMFT] ≥ 1 and DMFT ≥ 4). Bivariate (Rao Scott test) and multivariate (Poisson regression) analyses were carried out. The individual variables were sociodemographic variables, periodontal health and reporting discomfort while brushing. Contextual factors were the presence of water fl uoridation, the percentage of residences connected to the water supply and median income of the municipality. RESULTS:The prevalence of DMFT ≥ 1 was 56.0%. Mean DMFT was 2.04 (95%CI 1.76;2.31) and 22.2% of children had DMFT ≥ 4. Caries experience was signifi cantly more common in children with black, brown or yellow skin; in low-income families; in children with dental calculus or bleeding gums and in those who reported discomfort while brushing. Living in towns with fl uoridated tap water, with low coverage of water supply and with low median income were contextual factors associated with the disease. CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of dental caries in Brazilian 12-year-olds was low, according to World Health Organization criteria. There were signifi cant geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in levels of the disease.

Resumo A violência contra a pessoa idosa desenha-se como um problema de saúde pública de complexa administração. É de fundamental importância conhecer seus fatores associados, com ênfase em cada tipo de violência, para possibilitar a criação de políticas públicas baseadas em evidências. Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura de estudos epidemiológicos analíticos sobre os fatores associados à violência contra idosos. Para a pesquisa bibliográfica utilizou-se quatro bases de dados: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e Lilacs, sem corte de anos. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada por pares e em duas etapas: leitura dos resumos (3121) e leitura dos artigos completos (64), tendo sido selecionados 27 artigos. O risco de viés foi avaliado. Os fatores associados à violência geral foram idade, sexo, estado civil, nível de educação, renda, arranjo familiar, suporte social, solidão, transtorno mental, depressão, tentativa de suicídio, dependência para atividades da vida diária, função cognitiva, doenças crônicas, abuso de álcool ou drogas, entre outros. A violência contra idosos apresentou-se como um fenômeno multifatorial e complexo, por isso não pode ser vista de forma parcial, unidimensional e sim levando em consideração todas as dimensões e entender que há uma interdependência entre elas.