The influence of artificial shading on environmental variables and on behavioral responses of Nellore steers in an intensive production system was evaluated in this study. The experiment was conducted in the experimental feedlot of the Department of Animal Science at Universidade Estadual de Goiás, from July to October 2014. Forty-eight male Nellore cattle with an average initial weight of 310 kg were kept in double 24-m 2 stalls, in a total of 24 stalls. Of these, six were in the open air; six were covered with black shade netting of 30% light interception; six with black shade netting 50%; and six with black shade netting 80%, providing 6 m 2 of shade per stall. Temperature-humidity index (THI) and respiratory frequency (RF) were assessed twice weekly and behavior was evaluated fortnightly during 12 h, between 06:00 h and 18.00 h. Feeding behavior, rumination, rest, and social activities such as body care and playful and abnormal activities were observed. A significant increase was found in THI and RF as the shading levels decreased, while a significant difference was recorded in rest and in other activities, water intake, and play behavior. Rest time and playful behavior increased significantly, and other activities and water intake decreased with the increase in shading levels. Shading does not change the time spent on feeding behaviors and rumination, or the frequencies of urination, defecation, cleaning other animals, self-cleaning, and social and abnormal types of behavior. The use of black shade netting of 80% light interception provides greater comfort to animals, promoting welfare and quality of life to them. Key words: Ambience. Behavior. Performance. Welfare. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a influência dos níveis de sombreamento artificial nas variáveis ambientais e nas respostas comportamentais de machos bovinos nelore em sistema intensivo de produção. O experimento foi realizado no confinamento experimental do curso de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, no período de julho a outubro de 2014. Utilizaram-se 48 bovinos machos Nelore, com peso médio inicial de 310 kg, mantidos em baias duplas de 24m², sendo utilizados 24 baias, destas, seis a céu aberto, seis com sombrite preto com malha 30%, seis com malha 50% e seis com malha 80%, cobrindo seis m² de sombra por baia. Foi realizado duas vezes por semana avaliação de ITU e frequência respiratória e quinzenalmente a avaliação de comportamento, com duração de 12 horas, com início as 6:00h e término às 18:00h, observou-se o comportamento alimentar, ruminação, descanso, outras atividades, social, cuidados corporais, lúdico e anormal. Observou-se um aumento significativo nos valores de ITU e FR a medida que se reduzia os níveis de sombreamento. Também foi observado uma diferença significativa no tempo de comportamentos de descanso e em outras atividades, e na frequência do consumo de água e comportamento lúdico, com aumento significativo no tempo de descanso e frequência de comportamento lúdico, e redução de outras atividades e ingestão de ág...

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of artificial shading on weight gain and meat quality of male Nellore cattle in an intensive production system. The experiment was conducted in the experimental feedlot of the Course of Animal Science at Universidade Estadual de Goiás, from July to October 2014. Forty-eight male Nellore cattle with an average initial weight of 310 kg were kept in double 24-m 2 stalls, in a total of 24 stalls. Of these, six were in the open air; six were covered with black shade netting of 30% light interception; six with black shade netting 50%; and six with black shade netting 80%, providing 6 m 2 of shade per stall. The ration supplied to the animals and the orts left in the trough were weighed daily to determine intake, and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was measured twice weekly. Animals were weighed for the first time at the start of the experiment, and then another three times until the end, which was followed by the slaughter and assessments of performance and meat quality. A difference (p<0.05) was observed between the average THI values, with the highest value found in the stalls without artificial shading. No difference (p>0.05) was observed for feed intake, initial weight, final weight, total weight gain, average daily weight gain, carcass yield, marbling, texture, fatness, backfat thickness, loin-eye area, color, thigh length and circumference, leg length and circumference, or carcass length between the animals on the different treatments. The use of artificial shading does not have a significant effect on performance or meat quality of feedlot Nellore cattle when the ambient temperature is within the thermal comfort zone. Key words: Ambience. Carcass. Intensive system. Quality. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a influência do sombreamento artificial no ganho em peso e na qualidade da carne de machos bovinos Nelore em sistema intensivo de produção. O experimento foi realizado no confinamento experimental do curso de Zootecnia da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, no período de julho a outubro de 2014. Utilizaram-se 48 bovinos machos Nelore, com peso médio inicial de 310 kg, mantidos em baias duplas de 24m², sendo utilizados 24 baias, destas, seis a céu aberto, seis com sombrite preto com malha 30%, seis com malha 50% e seis com malha 80%, cobrindo seis m² de sombra por baia. Diariamente era realizada a pesagem da ração fornecida aos animais e das sobras da ração no cocho para determinação do consumo, e duas vezes por semana realizava-se a avaliação inicio do experimento foi realizado a pesagem inicial dos animais e outras três pesagem até o final do experimento, seguido do abate e avaliações de desempenho e qualidade da carne. Observou-se diferença (p<0,05) entre os valores médios de ITU, sendo o de maior índice as baias sem sombreamento artificial. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) entre o consumo de ração, peso inicial, peso final, ganho em peso total, ganho em peso médio diário, rendimento de carcaça, marmoreio, textura, acabamento, espessura de gordura su...

ResumoA pecuária de corte no Brasil é hoje um dos ramos da agropecuária de grande expressão na economia. O Brasil possui um rebanho bovino de aproximadamente 200 milhões de cabeças. Isto faz com que ocorra uma necessidade de um marketing bem planejado para que se tenha o maior domínio possível do mercado mundial da carne. Na pecuária de elite, em um nível de acesso menor, também faz-se uso do marketing, é esse o responsável por divulgar os avanços no melhoramento genético, posteriormente aplicado ao rebanho comercial melhorando sua qualidade. É conhecendo as formas e as etapas do marketing que se pode aplicá-lo de forma eficiente, sendo esse dividido em dois, o marketing estratégico (a longo prazo) e o operacional (curto prazo). Essas estratégias possuem quatro fundamentos, análise, adaptação, ativação e avaliação. Conhecendo o marketing brasileiro é preciso avaliar o mercado do país que é bastante promissor devido a uma melhora na renda dos brasileiros. Isto mostra que a

ResumoA ovinocultura de corte é uma atividade que vem crescendo e se desenvolvendo muito nos últimos anos no Brasil, principalmente em regiões onde antes esta atividade era insignificante, tornando-se mais uma alternativa de investimento no meio agropecuário. O aumento da demanda por carne ovina pôs em evidência a importância do conhecimento da fisiologia reprodutiva desses animais para que possa ser empregado metodos para melhor os seus indices reprodutivos. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se abordar de forma prática e simplificada sobre a fisiologia da reprodução ovina. A fêmea ovina atinge a puberdade quando ocorre o aparecimento do primeiro estro e, o macho, quando ocorre o aparecimento de instintos reprodutivos. Os ovinos são poliéstricos estacionais e seu ciclo reprodutivo tem em torno de 17 dias, sendo dividido em proestro, estro, metaestro e diestro. O período médio de gestação é de 150 dias, com um intervalo aproximado de oito meses entre os partos. A produção de ovinos

The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory performance of 3/4 and 7/8 Holstein/Gir (HG) dairy cows to identify which genetic composition suffers the least heat stress. A completely randomized design was adopted involving 20 multiparous, lactating crossbred cows from a dairy farm located in the municipality of Turvânia - GO, Brazil. During the experimental period, data on behavioral, productive, reproductive and thermoregulatory traits were collected every 15 days. Bioestat (5.0) statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The mean temperature-humidity index, ambient temperature and relative humidity obtained throughout the experimental period were 74.45, 30.51 ºC and 63.64%, respectively. In terms of reproductive performance, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the genetic compositions for the time from calving to first service, with a longer period shown by the animals with greater Holstein breed genetic composition. Service period and calving interval differed significantly (p < 0.05) during the experimental period between the genetic compositions. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also detected between the compositions for respiratory rate, with higher values observed in the animals with higher European genetic composition. Benezra thermal comfort index also differed significantly (p < 0.05), with the 7/8 HG animals showing a higher value. Lactating cows with a 7/8 HG genetic composition achieved better results in milk production, whereas those with 3/4 HG genetic composition showed superiority in milk fat composition and reproductive and thermoregulatory performance, indicating greater adaptation to the climatic conditions of the region.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass and meat quality of sheep in an intensive production system with and without artificial shade available. Twenty Santa Inês × Dorper crossbred lambs were allotted to two collective stalls, one of which was covered with a black polypropylene shade net with 80% light interception, providing 2.5 m2 shade animal-1. Performance was evaluated by measuring initial weight, final weight, carcass yield, average daily weight gain, and total weight gain. Carcass and meat traits were evaluated based on the variables of fatness, conformation, loin-eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness, marbling, texture, pH, temperature, and color. Performance and carcass and meat traits were similar between the animals reared in stalls with and without shade available. The groups with and without access to shade showed initial weights of 26.52 and 25.37 kg, final weights of 35.59 and 34.76 kg, carcass yields of 45.73 and 45.50%, loin-eye areas of 14 .11 and 13.61 cm2, and marbling scores of 4.78 and 4.44, respectively. Subcutaneous fat thickness (2.02 cm), texture (3.67), and fatness (2) values were equal for both groups. Based on the results, artificial shading did not affect the performance or carcass and meat quality of the sheep.

-The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a synthetic progesterone ear implant on the behavior, physiological responses, and number of carcass injuries of Nellore females. Twenty-eight Nellore heifers with an average initial weight of 240.89 kg were used in the experiment. All animals received the same dietary management, in an intensive rearing system with mineral salt and water ad libitum. Heifers were distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments (with and without progesterone ear implant) and seven replications, in 14 stalls. Analyses of variance and correlation were performed. In the evaluation of the feeding, rumination, rest, sleeping, social, and body-care behaviors, no significant differences were observed. The use of ear implant did not change weight gain or the number of injuries on the carcass of Nellore females. There was a greater incidence of anomalous behavior for the animals without the implant. Other behaviors were not affected by the hormone. As regards the physiological responses, only respiratory frequency was influenced by the implant. The behavior and performance of heifers are not influenced by progesterone ear implant.