Abstract. Listihani L, Ariati PEP, Yuniti IGAD, Selangga DGW. 2022. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) attack and its genetic diversity on rice in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4696-4704. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is an important pest on rice crops in Indonesia. The genetic diversity of BPH isolates in western Indonesia has been extensively reported, whereas eastern Indonesia isolates have not been reported. This research aims to analyze genetic diversity and evaluate the BPH attack's intensity on Bali rice plants. The research method used was an observation of attack percentage, population dynamics, attack intensity, and genetic diversity of BPH in 9 districts in Bali (Badung, Gianyar, Klungkung, Bangli, Karangasem, Tabanan, Denpasar City, Buleleng, and Jembrana). Molecular identification was carried out on N. lugens DNA in the mtCOI fragment. BPH attacks of >50% were found in the districts of Gianyar, Bangli, Jembrana, and Badung. The BPH population was primarily found in Ciherang and IR-64 varieties of rice in the Badung Regency, with 43.67 BPH per rice hill. In general, rice varieties grown in all observation locations were susceptible to BPH, such as Ciherang, IR-64, Inpari 32, and Situbagendit. In the Ciherang and IR-64 varieties, the highest attack intensity average value reached 30%. The sequence of N. lugens isolate from Bali Jembrana showed the highest nucleotide and amino acid homology with N. lugens isolate FSD-034 from Pakistan (MK301229) biotype Y of 99.5 -99.74% and 100%, respectively. This study found N. lugens biotype Y in rice plants for the first time in Indonesia. This study reported that Rice varieties Situbagendit and Inpari 32, previously resistant to BPH, are reported as susceptible to BPH.

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Utilization of the dryland farming resources through the integration of the farming and livestock is an alternative to improve the farmer income. This study aimed to analyze the effect of variables on the utilization of the dryland and analyze the effect of those variables on the farmer’s motivation in conducting the integration of farming and livestock simultaneously and partially in Gunung Malang Village, Pringgabaya District. There were 82 farmers from 11 farmer institutional group in Gunung Malang Village, Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency involved in this study. This study was employed a multiple regression analysis to processed the data. Results showed that the livestock, value-added to the livestock, land-area, farming experience, education level, and the number of the family member variable simultaneously affected the farmer motivation in implementing the farming and livestock integration in Gunung Malang Village. While the livestock capital, farming experience, and the number of the family member variable partially affected the farmer motivation in implementing the farming and livestock integration. The land-area and educational level didn’t contribute significantly to the implementation of farming and livestock integration in Gunung Malang Village.

Background: Purnajiwa is one of the medicinal plants in Bali. Species information regarding this plant is still unconfirmed. Currently, this plant is considered rare and endangered. Molecular identification supports authentication at the species level, which will also support conservation efforts. Method: Molecular identification using DNA Barcoding was carried out on purnajiwa from three sampling locations in Bali (Jimbaran, Mambal, and Bedugul) using rbcL primers (rbcLaF and rbcLaR). Data analysis was performed using BLAST with species on GenBank. Pairwise and similarity values ​​were used to measure the three samples' proximity to the Gen Bank species. Result: The phylogenetic tree was constructed with the Maximum Likelihood and Tamura-3-parameter model. The analysis results show a close relationship between the purnajiwa from Jimbaran and Mambal with the species Kopsia arborea (KP095079). Meanwhile, the Purnajiwa from Bedugul showed a difference from the other two purnajiwa and was closely related to Euchresta horsfieldii (U74225). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Purnajiwa from Jimbaran and Mambal is a species of Kopsia arborea while the Purnajiwa from Bedugul is a species of Euchresta horsfieldii.

Bio-industrial agriculture is a farming system oriented towards biological and natural resources maximum utilization as sustainable biomass, energy, and mineral. Vegetable and horticulture-based bio-industrial agriculture is a sustainable system consisted of farming, livestock, sewage treatment, agricultural product processing, and marketing sub-systems. The main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the bio-industrial agricultural model development on the value-added agriculture. This study was conducted on dry land in Antapan Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan, Bali. Questionnaires and interview sessions were applied to collect the study data. Data analysis was done by descriptive analysis, a ratio of R/C, and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings revealed that bio-industrial agriculture contibuted to higher value-added agriculture. Vegetable and horticulture-based bio-industrial agriculture provided alternative system for the development of processed organic agricultural products that finally adds more product's value and increase farmer income.

Critical land area in Indonesia was recorded 23.25 million ha in 2000, and increased to 77.8 million ha in 2007, efforts are needed to optimize it. However, the existence of agricultural waste, livestock waste and sewage abundant fishery potential to increase soil fertility has not been utilized to the maximum. This study aimed to determine the macro nutrient content available in waste after the fermentation process. This research is an experimental research conducted in a laboratory to find out the content of: N, P, K, C / N ratio. The method for making liquid organic fertilizer is fermentation for one month using EM4 effective microorganisms, then analyzed using Spectrometry and Titrimetry Kjeldahl. The results showed that the highest N content was in bio urine fermentation (0.126%), fish waste (0.035%) and mixed waste (0.028%); The highest P was found in cattle rumen (7.239 mg / L), bio urine (5.234 mg / L), and seaweed (4.689 mg / L), and highest K was found in fruit waste (7, 801 mg / L). The highest C / N ratio was found in seaweed (55,643%) and fruit waste (27,857%). The conclusion is that agricultural waste, livestock waste, and fisheries waste after 1 month of fermentation contain adequate nutrients for optimizing critical land.

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The aim of this research was to determine the impact of soaking bitter melon seeds in a Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus sp bacteria suspension on the growth and yield of bitter melon. A randomized block design was used with 11 treatments consisting of three isolates of P. alcaligenes, four isolates of Bacillus sp, one mixed suspension of P. alcaligenes, one mixed suspension of Bacillus sp, one mixed suspension of P. alcaligenes with Bacillus sp, and one control, each of which was repeated four times for a total of 44 experimental pots. Data were analyzed using a variance test with one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the highest number of fruits was obtained from the Bacillus sp2 treatment (4.25 units), followed by the mixed Bacillus sp, Bacillus sp3, and P. alcaligenes TmA1 (4.00 units), while the control only yielded 3.25 units. The highest fresh weight per fruit was obtained from the P. alcaligenes TrN2 treatment (89.25 g), followed by Bacillus sp2 (87.2 g), and mixed Bacillus sp (80.66 g), which was an increase of 34.57%, 31.48%, and 21.62% over the control, respectively. Keywords: seed soaking; bitter melon; suspension of Bacillus sp.; P. alcaligenes