The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) attack and its genetic diversity on rice in Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Listihani L, Ariati PEP, Yuniti IGAD, Selangga DGW. 2022. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) attack and its genetic diversity on rice in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4696-4704. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is an important pest on rice crops in Indonesia. The genetic diversity of BPH isolates in western Indonesia has been extensively reported, whereas eastern Indonesia isolates have not been reported. This research aims to analyze genetic diversity and evaluate the BPH attack's intensity on Bali rice plants. The research method used was an observation of attack percentage, population dynamics, attack intensity, and genetic diversity of BPH in 9 districts in Bali (Badung, Gianyar, Klungkung, Bangli, Karangasem, Tabanan, Denpasar City, Buleleng, and Jembrana). Molecular identification was carried out on N. lugens DNA in the mtCOI fragment. BPH attacks of >50% were found in the districts of Gianyar, Bangli, Jembrana, and Badung. The BPH population was primarily found in Ciherang and IR-64 varieties of rice in the Badung Regency, with 43.67 BPH per rice hill. In general, rice varieties grown in all observation locations were susceptible to BPH, such as Ciherang, IR-64, Inpari 32, and Situbagendit. In the Ciherang and IR-64 varieties, the highest attack intensity average value reached 30%. The sequence of N. lugens isolate from Bali Jembrana showed the highest nucleotide and amino acid homology with N. lugens isolate FSD-034 from Pakistan (MK301229) biotype Y of 99.5 -99.74% and 100%, respectively. This study found N. lugens biotype Y in rice plants for the first time in Indonesia. This study reported that Rice varieties Situbagendit and Inpari 32, previously resistant to BPH, are reported as susceptible to BPH.

Molecular characterization of Rice ragged stunt virus and Rice grassy stunt virus on Rice in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia

“…This might be attributed to the population fluctuation of its vector, the brown planthopper, in the field. Such fluctuations could arise due to environmental factors influencing the insect vector population (Triwidodo & Listihani, 2020;Listihani et al, 2022a;Temaja et al, 2022), as well as the cultivation pattern influencing disease distribution (Listihani et al, 2023).…”

“…The rice cultivation pattern in Gianyar Regency is considered monocultural with an unsynchronized planting period. The high population of the vector Nilaparvata lugens in the field leads to a high incidence of stunt disease (Listihani et al, 2022a). This is due to the high percentage of viruliferous N. lugens accelerating the spread of RGSV and RRSV in the field.…”

Selection of M3 mutant strains from 200 gy gamma irradiation on Cempo Ireng

“…Thick cell wall structure makes it more challenging for brown planthoppers to penetrate, effectively hindering their ability to feed from rice [21]. Gamma-ray irradiation alters compounds in rice related to cell wall thickness, such as lignin [22]. Lignin is a phenolic polymer found in the cell walls of vascular plants and mainly…”

Diversity of endophytic fungi of rice plants in Padang City, Indonesia, entomopathogenic to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)

“…BPH attacks rice plants directly by sucking phloem sap from the leaf sheath and indirectly by dispersing plant viruses (Cheng et al 2013). Nymphs, brachypteran, and macropteran of BPH suck the sap out, resulting in a color change to yellowish and brownish burned or abnormal growth (Listihani et al 2022). Furthermore, BPH can also damage rice plants by transmitting Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV) and Rice Grass Stunt Virus (RGSV).…”

“…Furthermore, BPH can also damage rice plants by transmitting Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV) and Rice Grass Stunt Virus (RGSV). Rice infected with RRSV shows stunted growth and dark-colored leaves, whereas rice infected with RGSV shows pronounced stunted growth, leaves become short, erect, and narrow (Helina et al 2018) due to nutrient deficiency (Listihani et al 2022). A BPH attack followed by a virus attack together causes heavy damage and high-yield loss (Helina et al 2020).…”