Diversity of endophytic fungi of rice plants in Padang City, Indonesia, entomopathogenic to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)

Abstract

Abstract. Trizelia, Rahma H, Syahrawati M. 2023. Diversity of endophytic fungi of rice plants in Padang City, Indonesia, entomopathogenic to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). Biodiversitas 24: 2384-2392. Various endophytic fungi can live in plant tissues for all or part of their life cycle without causing damage or disease in their host. Several genera of endophytic fungi have been reported to be entomopathogenic and can be used to control insect pests. This study aimed to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi from rice stems that were entomopathogenic against Nilaparvata lugens (Stål, 1854) or Brown Planthopper (BPH). Endophytic fungi were isolated from rice stems of IR42 and Cisokan varieties grown in Padang City, West Sumatra Indonesia. Isolated fungi were first evaluated for their pathogenicity against Tenebrio molitor larvae. Subsequently high pathogenicity showed isolates were tested on nymphs and adults of BPH. The results showed that the entomopathogenic fungi isolated from IR 42 and Cisokan were the members of genus Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Beauveria. The entomopathogenic fungi from IR 42 were more diverse than Cisokan, and Beauveria sp. was the most common isolate and had a better ability to kill the BPH. The highest mortality of BPH was found in PIR 1.3 isolate, but the mortality was still relatively low (53.33% nymphs and 34.99% adults). Further study is needed to increase the effectiveness of these endophytic fungi against BPH directly or indirectly by inducing resistance.

Endophytic Fungi in Rice Plants and Their Prospective Uses

“…Melaspora and Beauveria sp. isolated from rice leaves, sheaths, and stems enhanced the resistance of rice to brown plant hopper [57,112,113]. The endophytic fungus Chaetomium brasiliense isolated from rice stems in Thailand antagonizes Grampositive bacteria by producing depsidones [114].…”

“…The multiple attributes of endophytic fungi can play a pivotal role in improving rice growth under abiotic stresses [126] (Table 1). Endophytic fungi colonization in rice plants can improve the stress resistance of rice plants, such as salt resistance and drought resistance, reduce water consumption, and enhance plant growth rate and biomass [60,[107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114]117,[126][127][128][129]. After colonization of the salt-sensitive rice variety IR-64, the salt-tolerant endophytic fungus Fusarium sp.…”

Does competition between Pardosa pseudoannulata and Menochilus sexmaculatus reduce the predation rate on brown planthopper?

“…Pengendalian WBC menggunakan pestisida sintetis tidak direkomendasikan karena dapat berdampak kepada emisi gas CO2 yang menyebabkan tanaman menjadi lebih rentan terhadap serangga herbivora (Tudi et al, 2021), meningkatkan resistensi hama (Syahdia dan Syahrawati, 2020) serta berdampak pula terhadap manusia (Yuantari et al, 2015) dan lingkungan (Jamin dan Erlangga, 2016;Benu et al, 2020). Untuk menghindari dampak negatif tersebut, dianjurkan untuk mendahulukan pengendalian hayati dengan menggunakan musuh alami, seperti jamur entomopatogen (Hendra et al, 2022a;Hendra et al, 2022b;Trizelia et al, 2023a;Trizelia et al, 2023b), parasitoid (Haryati et al, 2015Minarni et al, 2018;Abdilah & Susilo, 2020), dan predator (Syahrawati et al, 2015;Nasral et al, 2020;Syahrawati et al, 2021a;Syahrawati et al, 2021b;Siregar et al, 2023;Utari et al, 2023).…”

Ability of commercial Beauveria bassiana to suppress the brown planthopper attack by inducing resistance into different rice variety

“…Intensive and excessive application of insecticides has encouraged the emergence of BPH resistance (Datta and Banik 2021;Iamba and Dono 2021;Utari et al 2023). Various environmentally friendly controls have been recommended to reduce the BPH population, such as ecological engineering (Horgan et al 2016) and the use of natural enemies such as predators (Syahrawati et al 2015;Nasral et al 2020;Syahrawati et al 2021a;Syahrawati et al 2021b;Siregar et al 2023;Utari et al 2023), parasitoids (Minarni et al 2018;Abdilah and Susilo 2020), and insect pathogens, such as Beauveria bassiana (Hendra et al 2022;Kurniawati et al 2021;Mascarin and Jaronski 2016;Trizelia et al 2023).…”