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Al-Based LDH materials have been considered as promising active electrode materials for pseudocapacitors due to their structural tunability.

A new fungal strain, displaying strong toxic activity against brine shrimp larvae, was isolated from a deep sea sediment sample collected at a depth of 1300 m. The strain, designated as F00120, was identified as a member of the genus Penicillium on the basis of morphology and ITS sequence analysis. One new sesquiterpene quinone, named penicilliumin A (1), along with two known compounds ergosterol (2) and ergosterol peroxide (3), were isolated and purified from the cultures of F00120 by silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 column, and preparative thin layer chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopic (MS) analysis as well as comparison with literature data. The new compound penicilliumin A inhibited in vitro proliferation of mouse melanoma (B16), human melanoma (A375), and human cervical carcinoma (Hela) cell lines moderately.

A large external energy input prevents wastewater treatment from being environmentally sustainable. A net-zero-energy (NZE) wastewater treatment concept based on biomass energy recycling was proposed to avoid wasting resources and to promote energy recycling in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Simultaneously, a theoretical model and boundary condition based on energy balance were established to evaluate the feasibility of achieving NZE in WWTPs; the model and condition were employed to analyze data from 20 conventional WWTPs in China. A total of six WWTPs can currently export excess energy, eight WWTPs can achieve 100% energy self-sufficiency by adjusting the metabolic material allocation, and six municipal WWTPs cannot achieve net-zero energy consumption based on the evaluation of the theoretical model. The NZE model offset 79.5% of the electricity and sludge disposal cost compared with conventional wastewater treatment. The NZE model provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of material regulation for the effective utilization of organic energy from wastewater and promotes engineering applications of the NZE concept in WWTPs.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are largely discharged into sewers and mostly accumulated in the sediments and sludge. The toxicity of AgNPs to environmental microorganisms has attracted great attention. However, the effect of AgNPs on anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) granules remains unknown. Here we present the underlying promotion mechanism of AgNPs on anammox granules from a morphological and molecular biology perspective. Our results demonstrate a positive effect of AgNPs on the proliferation of anammox bacteria. AgNPs resulted in a change in the three-dimensional structure of anammox granules and led to larger pore size and higher porosity. In addition, the diffusion capacity of the substrate and metal ions was enhanced. Furthermore, the expression of anammox-related enzymes, such as nitrite oxidoreductase (NirS), hydrazine dehydrogenase (Hdh), and hydrazine synthase (HZS), was upregulated. Therefore, the growth rate and the nitrogen removal performance of the anammox granules were improved. Our findings clarify the underlying mechanism of AgNPs on anammox granules and provide a promising method for the treatment of AgNPs-rich wastewater.