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The evidence supporting the effectiveness of PCP is limited and does not demonstrate that PCP can achieve radical transformations in the lives of people with ID. Clearer descriptions of PCP and its components are needed. Small-scale successful demonstrations of effectiveness exist, but its clinical, cost-effectiveness and wider implementation must be investigated in large scale studies.

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The case histories are reported of two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed fatal neurological involvement, each presenting with cerebeliar and brainstem signs. Neuro-pathological changes were confined to the cerebellum and brainstem, with clear evidence of a small vessel vasculopathy. The predominant histological abnormalities were multiple perivascular haemorrhages in one case and classical vasculitic changes in the other.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were found at necropsy in two previously reported cases of congenital dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. The nature of the developmental abnormality is discussed and compared with other forms of biliary dilatation. Slow-flowing bile for many years probably leads to cholangiocarcinoma.

Nursing faculty strive to admit students who are likely to successfully complete the nursing curriculum and pass NCLEX-RN. The high cost of academic preparation and the nursing shortage make this selection process even more critical. The authors discuss how one community college nursing program examined academic achievement measures to determine how well they predicted student success. Results provided faculty with useful data to improve the success and retention of nursing.