Trans isomers of oleic and linoleic acids in adipose tissue and sudden cardiac death

Roberts, Timothy L.; Wood, D.A.; Riemersma, Rudolph A.; Gallagher, Peggy A.; Lampe, Fiona

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90274-0

Cited by 144 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Adipose TFA levels, including levels of trans-18:1 and trans-18:2 (but not trans-16:1), were measured in 66 cases of sudden cardiac death and 286 healthy controls (Roberts et al, 1995). In multivariable analyses, neither trans-18:1 nor trans-18:2 isomers were significantly associated with risk of sudden death.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of trans-fatty acids: experimental and observational evidence

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Objectives: Growing evidence indicates that trans-fatty acids (TFA) adversely affect cardiovascular health. As part of the World Health Organization (WHO) Scientific Update on TFA, we reviewed the evidence for effects of TFA consumption on coronary heart disease (CHD). Subjects/Methods: We searched Medline publications examining TFA consumption and CHD risk factors or outcomes, emphasizing results of studies in humans. We evaluated and synthesized evidence from both controlled feeding trials evaluating risk factors and long-term observational studies evaluating risk factors or clinical outcomes, each of which have complementary strengths and limitations, to enable the most robust and reliable inferences of effects. Results: The effects of TFA consumption on risk factors most consistently seen in both controlled trials and observational studies included adverse lipid effects (for example mlow-density lipoprotein cholesterol, khigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), mtotal/HDL-C ratio), proinflammatory effects (for example mtumor necrosis factor-a activity, minterleukin-6, mC-reactive protein) and endothelial dysfunction. These effects were most prominent in comparison with cis unsaturated fats; adverse effects on total/HDL-C and endothelial function were also seen in comparison with saturated fatty acids (SFA). TFA may also worsen insulin sensitivity, particularly among individuals predisposed to insulin resistance; possible effects on weight gain and diabetes incidence require further confirmation. Five retrospective case-control studies and four prospective cohort studies demonstrated positive associations between TFA consumption and CHD events. A meta-analysis of prospective studies indicated 24, 20, 27 and 32% higher risk of myocardial infarction (MI) or CHD death for every 2% energy of TFA consumption isocalorically replacing carbohydrate, SFA, cis monounsaturated fatty acids and cis polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. The differential effects of specific TFA isomers may be important but are less well established. The available evidence indicates that trans-18:1 and particularly trans-18:2 isomers have stronger CHD effects than trans-16:1 isomers. The limited data suggest that the experimental effects of ruminant and industrial TFA are similar when consumed in similar quantities, but very few persons consume such high levels of ruminant TFA, and observational studies do not support adverse CHD effects of ruminant TFA in amounts actually consumed. Conclusions: Controlled trials and observational studies provide concordant evidence that consumption of TFA from partially hydrogenated oils adversely affects multiple cardiovascular risk factors and contributes significantly to increased risk of CHD events. The public health implications of ruminant TFA consumption appear much more limited. The effects of specific TFA isomers require further investigation.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of trans-fatty acids: experimental and observational evidence

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In only one of these studies has an association between the major dietary trans (18:1 t9 or t11), been observed [46]. In one study there were lower levels of 18:1 trans in cases compared with controls [96]). In three studies a positive association was observed between adipose tissue 16:1 trans composition [103,108,109].…”

Section: Pathways Of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A substantial amount of information has been provide by comparison of adipose tissue, plasma and platelet fatty acid compositions from subjects who have recently died or been diagnosed with CHD [3,46,96,103,[108][109][110]. In only one of these studies has an association between the major dietary trans (18:1 t9 or t11), been observed [46].…”

Section: Pathways Of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fatty acids and human health

Williams¹

2000

Ann. Zootech.

535

374

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-A considerable amount of evidence has accumulated to support the view that the very long chain omega 3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) have beneficial cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory properties and that levels of their consumption are insufficient in most Western diets. More recently, attention has been given to the possibility that the precursor omega-3 PUFA, alpha linolenic acid (ALNA), may share some of the beneficial actions of EPA/DHA on human health. Further research into the metabolism and physiological actions of ALNA, and comparisons with EPA/DHA, is needed before conclusions regarding the optimal amounts and types of omega-3 PUFA for human health can be defined. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which arises as a metabolic by-product of rumen hydrogenation and which is found in foods of animal origin, has been proposed to possess potent health promoting properties, but much of this research has been conducted in experimental animals. There is an urgent need for complementary studies in human volunteers, to confirm the putative anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic, anti-lipogenic and immuno-suppressive properties of CLA.human health / fatty acids / omega-3 PUFA / conjugated linoleic acid Résumé -Acides gras alimentaires et santé humaine. Il a été amplement démontré que les acides gras à très longue chaîne en oméga 3, les acides eicoapentaenoïque (EPA) et decosahexaenoïque (DHA) ont des effets positifs relatifs à l'apparition des maladies cardio-vasculaires, et des propriété anti-inflammatoires. Leur consommation par l'Homme est insuffisante dans la plupart des pays occidentaux. Récemment il est apparu que l'acide alpha linolénique, précurseur des acides gras en oméga 3, pouvait partager avec l'EPA et le DHA certains effets positifs sur la santé humaine. Des recherches complémentaires sur le métabolisme et le rôle physiologique de l'acide alpha linolénique, ainsi que des comparaisons avec l'EPA et le DHA sont nécessaires avant de pouvoir définir les apports recommandés optimaux de chacun de ces acides gras. L'acide linoléique conjugué (CLA) qui provient du métabolisme ruminal des acides gras et qui est présent dans les aliments d'origine animale, a été décrit comme potentiellement favorable à la santé humaine, mais la plupart des expérimentations ont été conduites sur animaux de laboratoire. Il y a une urgence à réaliser des études complémentaires sur des volontaires humains, afin de confirmer les propriétés annoncées du CLA, à savoir des effets anti-carcinogène, anti-athérogène, anti-lipogénique et une modulation de l'immunité. santé humaine / acides gras / oméga-3 PUFA / acide linoléique conjugué

show abstract

“…This is perhaps due to the fact that trans monoenoic fatty acids when compared with cis monoenoic fatty acids raise serum low density lipoprotein and reduce high density lipoprotein cholesterol (Mensink & Katan, 1993). The relative amount of trans fatty acids in adipose tissue and plasma phospholipids, arguably a measure of the average intake, has not been associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (Aro et al, 1995;Roberts et al, 1995;van de Vijver et al, 1996) and some of the reasons for the contradictory results have been discussed (McKeigue, 1995;Hu et al, 1997;Aro, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dietary trans α-linolenic acid on plasma lipids and platelet fatty acid composition: the TransLinE study

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

; on behalf of the investigators of the TransLineE project { Objective: To collect (i) baseline data and (ii) execute a large multicentre study examining the effect of trans a-linolenic acid on its incorporation into plasma lipids and on risk factors for coronary heart disease. Design: Male volunteers were recruited and the habitual diet assessed by a 4-d weighed record. Fatty acid composition of plasma and platelet lipids were determined by gas chromatography at baseline. After a 6 week run-in period on a trans`free' diet, male volunteers were randomised to consume 0.6 % of energy trans a-linolenic acid or to continue with a diet`low' in trans a-linolenic acid for 6 weeks. Setting: Three European university research departments supported by the research and development departments of the food industry. Subjects: Male volunteers (88) recruited by local advertisement. Methods: Replacement of 30 % of the fat of the habitual diet by margarine, oil and foods. Rapeseed oil was deodorised especially to produce the trans`free' and`high' trans foods for this study. The incorporation and conversion of trans a-linolenic acid into plasma lipids and platelets was assessed by gas chromatography and dietary compliance was veri®ed by 4-d weighed record. Results: Less trans a-linolenic acid isomers are incorporated into human plasma lipids in French volunteers than in Dutch or Scottish volunteers consuming their habitual diets. Trans`free' a-linolenic acid-rich oil can be produced by careful deodorization during re®ning. The`high' trans diet provided 1410AE 42 mg/d trans isomers of a-linolenic acid, whilst the`low' trans group consumed 60 AE 75 mg/d. The change in plasma lipid and platelet fatty acid composition documented that trans linolenic isomers are incorporated and converted to a trans isomer of eicosapentaenoic acid. Only the 15-trans a-linolenic acid is incorporated into plasma cholesteryl esters. The group consuming low trans diet had a slightly higher intake of fat, especially saturated and monounsaturated fat. Conclusions: Trans`free' rapeseed oil, rich in a-linolenic acid, can be produced by careful deodorization. Dietary records show good compliance. Dietary trans isomers of a-linolenic acid are incorporated in plasma lipids and converted to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Their effects on risk factors for coronary heart disease and their metabolism will be reported elsewhere. Sponsorship: European Commission (FAIR 95-0594 grant).

show abstract

Trans isomers of oleic and linoleic acids in adipose tissue and sudden cardiac death

Cited by 144 publications

References 19 publications

Health effects of trans-fatty acids: experimental and observational evidence

Health effects of trans-fatty acids: experimental and observational evidence

Dietary fatty acids and human health

The effect of dietary trans α-linolenic acid on plasma lipids and platelet fatty acid composition: the TransLinE study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About