Background: The yeast strain IB09 was isolated from the gut of Calosoma sp. (Carabidae, Coleoptera, Insecta) that were collected in the central Amazon rainforest. First, tolerance of the strain to ethanol and heat was tested. Then, IB09 was cultivated in a medium using sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolyzate as a carbon source, and cell growth (OD600), specific growth rate (μMAX, h -1 ), biomass yield (YB, g.g -1 ) and relative sugar consumption (RSC, %) were evaluated. Taxonomic identification was determined by sequencing the ITS1 region of IB09 and comparing it to sequences obtained from the GenBank database (NCBI). Results: IB09 showed both ethanol tolerance and thermotolerance. Relative sugar consumption indicated that IB09 was able to perform saccharification of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolyzate, increasing the total reducing sugar concentration by approximately 50%. The μMAX value obtained was 0,20, indicating that cell growth was slow under the assessed conditions. Biomass yield was 0,701 g per g of consumed sugar, which is relatively high when compared with other findings in the literature. After 120 hrs of cultivation, 80,1% of total reducing sugar had been consumed. Sequencing of the ITS1 region identified IB09 as Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans. Conclusion: This is the first report to document this species in the central Amazon rainforest at this host. Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans has great biotechnological potential for use in the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolyzate and for biomass production with this substrate as carbon source.
ResumoFoi detectada a variabilidade genética de vinte isolados de Colletotrichum guaranicola (albuq.) provenientes de diferentes localidades produtoras de guaraná no amazonas, utilizando-se marcadores moleculares aFLP. Foi possível separar os isolados em dois grupos. o coeficiente de variação genética entre os isolados foi de 0,0216 e a similaridade genética foi de 94,95%, confirmando que os isolados pertencem à mesma espécie, no entanto, foi observada variabilidade intra-específica. PalavRas-Chave: antracnose, guaranazeiro, marcador molecular Variability of Colletotrichum guaranicola using AFLP markers abstRaCtThe genetic variability of twenty Colletotrichum guaranicola (albuq.) isolates from different fields of guarana in amazonas, was studied using molecular aFLP markers. The isolates were separated into two groups. The genetic variability coefficient was 0.0216 and the genetic similarity was 94.5%, confirming that the isolates belongs to the same species, however, an intraspecific variability was observed.
-Weeds in pastures can intoxicate animals, and Arrabidaea bilabiata is the most important species for herbivores in floodplain areas in the Amazon Basin. Genetic diversity studies in natural populations may contribute to the better understanding of the range of toxicity and the genetic variability organization in this species. The objective of this study was to assess the variability and genetic structure in six populations of A. bilabiata sampled in floodplain areas in three municipalities of the Amazonas State, from the AFLP markers analysis. AFLP markers were efficient to characterize the genetic variability of the 65 individuals analyzed. From four combinations of oligonucleotides, a total of 309 AFLP fragments was obtained, where 304 (98.38%) were polymorphic. By the dendrogram and Bayesian cluster analysis, there was a formation of two isolated groups, the first one comprising individuals from Autazes municipality and the second one comprising individuals from Itacoatiara and Parintins. However, depending on the method to define the most probable cluster number, there was a separation of the six populations, according to their geographical origin. Mantel test confirmed that geographically closer populations are more akin, although low gene flow (0.538) is observed among the sampled populations. The molecular analysis of variance found that 49.29% of the genetic variability are among individuals inside populations and 50.71% among the populations analyzed. The results indicate the possibility that isolated A. bilabiata populations contain plants with different toxicity levels and suggest a strong adaptability of the species.Keywords: Arrabidaea bilabiata, pasture weeds, poisonous plants, AFLP, genetic diversity. RESUMO -Plantas daninhas de pastagens podem causar intoxicações aos animais, sendo a espécie Arrabidaea bilabiata a mais importante para herbívoros nas regiões de várzea da Bacia Amazônica. Estudos de diversidade genética em populações naturais podem contribuir para o melhor entendimento sobre a variação de toxicidade e a organização da variabilidade genética na espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade e estrutura genética em seis populações de
Os microrganismos são uma promissora fonte de novas moléculas e uma boa alternativa na busca por antimicrobianos. Contudo, suas condições de cultivo podem influenciar tanto no seu desenvolvimento quanto na sua produção de biomoléculas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da fotoexposição na atividade antimicrobiana de oito basidiomicetos. Estes foram cultivados em meio ágar-malte, à temperatura ambiente, mantidos com ou sem fotoexposição por dez dias. Foram obtidos extratos com acetato de etila, que foram testados pelo método de difusão em ágar contra os patógenos Escherichia coli CBAM 001, Staphylococcus aureus CBAM 0324 e Candida albicans CFAM 1342. Foi realizada a identificação molecular dos basidiomicetos através de amplificação e sequenciamento do fragmento de rDNA. Os fungos Pleurotus sp. 474 e Gloeophyllum sp. 1153 inibiram o crescimento de E. coli CBAM 001, S. aureus CBAM 0324 e C. albicans CFAM 1342. Nenhum desses patógenos foi inibido pelo fungo Schizophyllum commune 1210. A fotoexposição foi essencial para o fungo Earliella scabrosa 1552 inibir o crescimento da C. albicans, enquanto a ausência de fotoexposição foi essencial para o fungo Pleurotus sp. 474 inibir o crescimento do S. aureus CBAM 0324 e, os fungos Gloeophyllum sp. 1153, Trametes sp. 1232 e Oudemansiella canarii 1528 inibirem a E. coli CBAM 001. Estes resultados mostraram a influência da fotoexposição na produção de antimicrobianos por basidiomicetos, reforçando a importância da escolha das condições de cultivo.
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