Surgical procedures for the correction of abomasal displacement are one of the most frequently performed in dairy cows, and many surgical techniques have been described since the first cases of this disease were reported in the 1950s. Although no report to date has described the use of one-step laparoscopy in Brazil, the technique has several advantages over the traditional techniques, e.g., better abdominal visualization and minor trauma resulting from the minimally invasive technique. Accordingly, one-step laparoscopy, as described by Christiansen and Barisani, was performed to treat left abomasal displacement in 21 high-yielding dairy cows from two dairy regions of Paraná State. The technique was performed without complications in 12/21 (57.14%) cows. Ruminal (four animals), abomasal (two animals), both ruminal and abomasal (one animal), and splenic (one animal) perforations occurred during surgery but without any postoperative complication. One cow developed pyloric obstruction caused by the toggle bar suture, but early removal restored abomasal flux. Three animals died of different causes. One cow showed recurrence of displacement 1 month after surgery. A third access was necessary in cows that weighed more than 700 kg. One-step laparoscopy is an efficient, fast, and safe technique for the correction of left abomasal displacement.

RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se os rótulos das embalagens cartonadas de leite UHT (Ultra High Temperature) comercializados nos supermercados da cidade de Curitiba-PR estavam de acordo com as normas estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Foram avaliados 18 rótulos de leites UHT, industrializados sob regime de inspeção federal, comercializados nas principais redes de supermercados, quanto às normas de rotulagem constantes na legislação preconizada pelo MAPA. Foram realizadas visitas aos estabelecimentos e aplicação de um checklist contendo 26 itens, classificados em "conforme", "não conforme" ou "não se aplica" em cada embalagem. Das marcas avaliadas, 16 (89%) apresentaram alguma não conformidade, incluindo em destaque a presença ou ausência de componentes intrínsecos ao produto e/ou a presença de componentes adicionados a todos os produtos de fabricação semelhante. O que mais chamou a atenção foi um dos produtos que apresentou na sua lista de ingredientes o pirofosfato dissódico, aditivo que pode ser utilizado na industrialização de produtos cárneos e de confeitaria, mas para o qual não foi encontrada norma indicando sua proibição, tão pouco que autorize sua utilização no leite UHT brasileiro, o que pode acarretar enganos no ato da compra, além de gerar falsas expectativas aos consumidores.

Pseudomonas, the main genus of gram-negative microorganisms isolated from milk, is psychrotrophic, biofilm-forming, and thermo-resistant deteriorating enzyme producers. The aim of this study was to quantify Pseudomonas spp. in goat’s and cow’s milk produced in the Paraná state, Brazil, to evaluate the deteriorating activity of the isolates at mesophilic and psychrotrophic conditions and to identify, at the species level, the isolates with alkaline metalloprotease (aprX gene) production potential. Microbiological, biochemical and molecular methods were used for isolating, confirming and identifying of isolates. The mean counts were 1.6 (±6.3)x104 and 0.89(±3)x102 CFU/mL for goat and bovine milk samples, respectively, immediately after milking. Of the Pseudomonas colonies isolated from goat milk (n=60), 91.7% showed proteolytic potential when incubated at 35°C/48 h and 80% at 7°C/10 days, and lipolytic potential was observed in 95% of the isolates incubated in mesophilic and 78.3% at refrigeration conditions. From the isolates of bovine milk (n=20), 35% showed proteolytic activity only when incubated at 35°C/48 h, and lipolytic potential was observed in 25% of the isolates incubated at 7°C/10d and 35°C/48h. It was observed that 83.3% and 25% of the isolates genetically confirmed as Pseudomonas spp. of goat and bovine milk showed the potential for alkaline metalloprotease production, with the species P. azotoformans, P. koreensis, P. gessardii, P. monteilii and P. lurida being the most frequent in goat milk and P. aeruginosa the only species identified in cow milk.

The aim of this study was to quantify, identify, evaluate antimicrobial resistance, and characterize the virulence factors of enteropathogenic (EPEC), Shigatoxigenic (STEC), and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli in raw milk (RM) and legal (LMFC) and illegal (IMFC) Minas Frescal cheeses in southern and northeast Brazil. Illegal cheeses are those made without official inspection service or sanitary surveillance. We evaluated samples of RM produced in Paraná (southern) and Maranhão (northeast) States, LMFC produced using pasteurized milk in inspected industries, and IMFC potentially produced with raw milk. Mean total coliform counts were 8.4 × 10 4 cfu/mL for RM, 1.4 × 10 7 cfu/mL for LMFC, and 2.9 × 10 7 cfu/ mL for IMFC. Mean E. coli counts were 2.4 × 10 3 cfu/ mL for RM, 1.9 × 10 2 cfu/mL for LMFC, and 1.1 × 10 5 cfu/mL for IMFC. Among the 205 E. coli isolates from RM, 9.75% were identified as EPEC, mainly (90%) in samples from Paraná. Of the total isolates from the cheese samples, 97.4% (n = 111) came from IMFC, of which 1.8 and 2.7% were identified as EPEC and STEC, respectively; no EHEC was detected. The phylogenetic group A (60%) and typical EPEC (68%) predominated, which confirms the possible human origin of pathogenic isolates in RM and IMFC. Of these, 50% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and streptomycin was the antimicrobial with the highest number (8) of EPEC and STEC resistant isolates. This study reports the first isolation of serogroup O28ac in Brazilian milk. We found no predominance of a specific serogroup of EPEC or STEC in milk or cheese or clonal isolates in the same sample, indicating different origins of the contamination in these products, presumably mostly related to poor hygienic handling.

The most consumed cheese in Brazil, Minas Frescal cheese (MFC) is highly susceptible to microbial contamination and clandestine production and commercialization can pose a risk to consumer health. The storage of this fresh product under refrigeration, although more appropriate, may favor the growth of spoilage psychrotrophic bacteria. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare Pseudomonas spp. and other psychrotrophic bacteria in inspected and non-inspected MFC samples, evaluate their lipolytic and proteolytic activities and their metalloprotease production potentials. Twenty MFC samples were evaluated: 10 inspected and 10 non-inspected. Counts of psychrotrophic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp., evaluation of the proteolytic and lipolytic potential of the isolates, and identification of potential producers of alkaline metalloprotease (AprX) were assessed. The mean total psychrotrophic counts were 1.07 (±2.18) × 109CFU/g in the inspected samples and 4.5 (±5.86) × 108CFU/g in the non-inspected, with no significant difference (p=0.37). The average score of Pseudomonas spp. was 6.86 (±18.6) × 105 and 2.08 (±3.65) × 106 CFU/g for the inspected and non-inspected MFC samples, respectively, with no significant difference (p=0.1). Pseudomonas spp. represented 0.06% and 0.004% of psychrotrophic bacteria found in inspected and non-inspected MFC samples, respectively. Collectively, 694 psychrotrophic strains and 47Pseudomonas spp. were isolated, of which 59.9% and 68.1% were simultaneously proteolytic and lipolytic, respectively. Of the 470 psychrotrophs isolated from inspected and 224 from non-inspected cheese samples, 5.74% and 2.23% contained aprX, respectively, while 100 and 86.96% of the Pseudomonas spp. isolates in inspected and non-inspected cheese samples contained the gene. The production potential of AprX did not, however, determine the proteolytic activity on plates of these isolates under the conditions evaluated in this study. Of total, 65.63% of the psychrotrophs that contained aprX gene were confirmed as Pseudomonas spp., using genus-specific PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the other psychrotrophs that were potential producers of AprX identified them as Serratia spp. (n=7), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n=1), and Acinetobacter schindleri (n=1) in the inspected samples and Psychrobacter sanguinis (n=1) and Leuconostoc mesenteroides (n=1) in the non-inspected samples. The production conditions of Brazilian MFC of these samples, while meeting the legal determinations, are not sufficient to control Pseudomonas and other spoilage-related psychrotrophs. Thus, stricter hygienic measures are required during the formal production of this type of cheese.

RESUMOO objetivo neste estudo foi verificar se os rótulos das embalagens de iogurtes e bebidas lácteas comercializadas nos supermercados da cidade de Curitiba-PR estavam de acordo com as normas estabelecidas pelo Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Para isso, foram avaliados 16 rótulos de iogurtes e 13 de bebidas lácteas industrializados sob regime de inspeção federal, disponíveis nos supermercados do município. Os itens foram classificados em "conforme", "não conforme" ou "não se aplica". Foram verificados 25 itens nas embalagens de iogurtes e 31 nas de bebidas lácteas. Todas as marcas avaliadas apresentaram inconformidades na rotulagem. Os itens com maior incidência de inadequações foram a não apresentação do nome do produto em uniformidade com a marca comercial (100% das marcas avaliadas de ambos os produtos) e não apresentação de número de INS dos aditivos (81,25% dos iogurtes e 100% das bebidas lácteas). Inconformidades referentes a identificação do lote, datas de fabricação e/ou validade, presença de informações falsas, incorretas ou insuficientes, destaque à presença de componentes intrínsecos ao próprio produto, indicação de propriedades medicinais ou terapêuticas e/ou ausência da função dos aditivos utilizados foram observados em diferentes produtos e marcas de forma isolada. Com isso, conclui-se que as empresas fabricantes não estão obedecendo as normas estabelecidas pela legislação.Palavras-chave: rótulo; derivados lácteos; legislação.