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The GP ointment demonstrated efficacy similar to that of 0.1% TA cream for mild to moderate chronic plaque psoriasis. In addition, its short-term side effects were minimal.

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Wolffia globosa is a small plant found in the lagoons in tropical zones. The aim of our study was to examine the biological compounds found in W. globosa and their activities. The substances in W. globosa were extracted, isolated, and their chemical structures ascertained by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectroscopy. The extract was tested for bioactivity, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. The results showed that the isolated compounds in fraction two were mainly β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The sterols found in the extract were able to inhibit nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, which implied an anti-inflammatory activity. The extract was found to be non-toxic to human dermal fibroblast cells with an IC 50 of 106.38 ± 37.0 µg/mL.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded ginger extract were prepared by microemulsion technique. The nanoparticles were composed of stearic acid as solid lipids, Cremophor RH 40 as surfactant and ethanol as co-surfactant. It was found that variation in the amount of surfactant and co-surfactant had profound effects on the mean particle size, the drug entrapment efficiency and loading capacity. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed the spherical nature of the particles. The mean particle size of SLNs ranging between 453.1 and 551.7 nm were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading capacity (LC) determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) found to be in the range of 85.2390.07% and 1.411.49%, respectively.

Introduction The exposure of unprotected skin to solar ultraviolet UV radiation, especially UVA and UVB rays, causes skin inflammation, photoaging 1 , and erythema 2. In addition, it may cause DNA abnormality in human skin cells, which directly leads to skin cancer 3. The scientific evidence of the harmful effects of UV radiation provides a compelling reason for applying sun protection products to protect the skin from both UVA and UVB radiation. Consequently, broad-spectrum sun protection products refer to products that have a critical wavelength value of at least 370 nm, which leads to a breadth of protection from both UVB and UVA radiation. The UV absorbers are properly combined to achieve broad protection activity for commercial products. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are preferable UVA absorbers because of their efficiency and low irritation. They primarily absorb UV radiation and to a lesser extent act by reflection and scattering the radiation 4. However, these inorganic mineral UV absorbers, which function well at reflecting light, tend to be opaque and white colored on the skin, which is unfavorable for cosmetics unless nanosized

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