Introduction The exposure of unprotected skin to solar ultraviolet UV radiation, especially UVA and UVB rays, causes skin inflammation, photoaging 1 , and erythema 2. In addition, it may cause DNA abnormality in human skin cells, which directly leads to skin cancer 3. The scientific evidence of the harmful effects of UV radiation provides a compelling reason for applying sun protection products to protect the skin from both UVA and UVB radiation. Consequently, broad-spectrum sun protection products refer to products that have a critical wavelength value of at least 370 nm, which leads to a breadth of protection from both UVB and UVA radiation. The UV absorbers are properly combined to achieve broad protection activity for commercial products. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are preferable UVA absorbers because of their efficiency and low irritation. They primarily absorb UV radiation and to a lesser extent act by reflection and scattering the radiation 4. However, these inorganic mineral UV absorbers, which function well at reflecting light, tend to be opaque and white colored on the skin, which is unfavorable for cosmetics unless nanosized
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