The effect of constitution of the culture medium, different concentrations of sucrose, and different growth conditions on the germination of seeds and growth of explants of ʺmangabaʺ (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) were evaluated in two in vitro assays. In assay one, the physical constitution of a medium (solid and liquid) and different concentrations of sucrose (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 g/l) were tested, and seed germination was found to be variable. In assay two evaluation of the effect of different growth conditions (with and without agitation) on the in vitro growth of explants. Present results showed that ʺmangabaʺ had the highest percentage of germination and potentiality when inoculated in a liquid medium with (15 g/l) or without sucrose. The medium without agitation resulted in a better growth of explants the average length number of buds.
ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of babassu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) embryos as a function of desiccation. The fruits were placed in a convection oven at 37±2°C for 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 days. After these periods, the moisture contents of the fruits and seeds were determined. A reduction in the water content occurred more rapidly in the fruits than in the seeds. The decrease in seed moisture content from 12.59% (on the basis of fresh weight) to 4.56% did not affect the percentage of germinated zygotic embryos; however, we did observe a decline in the vigor as the seed moisture content decreased. Embryos with a 4.56% moisture content developed into seedlings of shorter lengths after 30, 60, and 90 days of in vitro growth. The longest seedlings originated from embryos with a 10.42% moisture content after 90 days. Thus, it was evident that the babassu embryos were tolerant to desiccation, whereas the seedling length was negatively affected by a reduction in the seed moisture content. Therefore, babassu fruits may be dehydrated and stored without losing their viability, which thereby guarantees the conservation of their germplasm.Keywords: Arecaceae, desiccation tolerance, tissue culture.Influência da umidade na germinação e morfogênese in vitro de embriões de babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) RESUMO. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de embriões de babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.) em função da dessecação. Os frutos foram mantidos em estufa de circulação forçada a 37±2°C por 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias. Após esses períodos, foi determinado o teor de água dos frutos e sementes, sendo também avaliado a percentagem de embriões zigóticos germinados in vitro, GRI (definir) e desenvolvimento das plântulas. A redução no teor de água ocorre mais rapidamente em frutos que em sementes. A diminuição no conteúdo de água da semente a partir de 12,59% (umidade inicial) para 4,56% não afeta a porcentagem de germinação in vitro dos embriões zigóticos, no entanto foi observado diminuição no vigor dos embriões à medida que decresce o teor de água da semente. Embriões com 4,56% de umidade desenvolveram as menores plântulas após 30, 60 e 90 dias de cultivo in vitro. As maiores plântulas foram obtidas de embriões com 10,42% de umidade, após 90 dias. Diante disso, fica evidente que os embriões de babaçu toleram a dessecação, mas que a altura das plântulas foi afetada negativamente pela redução do teor de água das sementes.Palavras-chave: Arecaceae, tolerância à dessecação, cultura de tecidos.
ABSTRACT. Babassu is a highly productive oil plant that is propagated from seed. Therefore, tissue culture techniques are of great importance because propagation is accelerated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators, NAA, BAP, and KIN, on in vitro germination and on the growth of babassu zygotic embryos. Three trials were conducted. For trial (I), the interaction between NAA (0, 1, and 2 μM) and KIN (0, 1, and 2 μM) were studied; for trial (II), the interactions among NAA (0, 1, and 2 μM), KIN (0, 1, and 2 μM), and BAP (1 μM) were studied; and for trial (III), the interactions among NAA (0, 1, and 2 μM), KIN (0, 1, and 2 μM), and BAP (2 μM) were studied. At 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of culture, we assessed average seedling height, and at 120 days, we assessed germination, the germination speed index, cotyledonary petiole growth, oxidation, and the formation of shoots, roots, and calluses. The best results for cotyledonary petiole formation and average seedling height were obtained when using 1 μM of BAP in the culture medium. We also found that the 2 μM of NAA favored root formation.Keywords: Orbignya oleifera (Burret.), biodiesel, Arecaceae. Germinação in vitro de babaçu: influência de reguladores de crescimento em embriões zigóticosRESUMO. O babaçu é uma palmeira oleaginosa, que se propaga via sementes. A contribuição das técnicas de cultura de tecidos é de grande importância, pois acelera sua propagação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito dos reguladores NAA, BAP e KIN na germinação e no crescimento in vitro de embriões zigóticos de babaçu. Para isso foram feitos três ensaios: Ensaio (I) interação de NAA (0, 1 e 2 μM) e KIN (0, 1 e 2 μM); Ensaio (II) interação de NAA (0, 1 e 2 μM), KIN (0, 1 e 2 μM) e BAP (1 μM); Ensaio (III) interação de NAA (0, 1 e 2 μM), KIN (0, 1 e 2 μM) e BAP (2 μM). Aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de cultivo, avaliou-se o comprimento médio das plântulas e aos 120 dias germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, crescimento do pecíolo cotiledonar, formação de parte aérea, raiz, calos e oxidação. Verificou-se que os melhores resultados para formação do pecíolo cotiledonar e o comprimento médio de plântulas foram obtidos com a utilização de 1 μM de BAP no meio de cultivo, e que a concentração de 2 μM de NAA favoreceu a formação de raízes. Palavras-chave:Orbignya oleifera (Burret.), biodiesel, Arecaceae.
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