Abstract:The bio-based economy will be crucial in achieving a sustainable development, covering all ranges of natural resources. In this sense, it is very relevant to analyze the economic links between the bioeconomic sectors and the rest of the economy, determining their total and decomposed impact on economic growth. One of the major problems in carrying out this analysis is the lack of information and complete databases that allow analysis of the bioeconomy and its effects on other economic activities. To overcome this issue, disaggregated social accounting matrices have been obtained for the highly bio-based sectors of the 28 European Union member states. Using this complex database, a linear multiplier analysis shows the future key role of bio-based sectors in boosting economic development in the EU. Results show that the bioeconomy has not yet unleashed its full potential in terms of output and job creation. Thus, output and employment multipliers show that many sectors related to the bioeconomy are still underperforming compared to the EU average, particularly those with higher value added; although, they are still crucial sectors for the wealth creation.

This paper presents estimates of energy intensities and CO2 emissions for Andalusia’s economy in 2000. Energy intensities of productive sectors are calculated in several scenarios using a SAM model specified with a social accounting matrix elaborated by the authors. Emissions are estimated with an input-output model, breaking down emissions into those due to intermediate and final uses. The results indicate there are important variations in energy intensities across sectors as well as substantial changes when consumption and investment are endogenous. Emission estimates are quite satisfactory in the base year and the simulations performed show the large impact resulting from changes in domestic final demand.

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Keywords:carbon dioxide emissions decomposition analysis generalized multipliers industrial ecology input-output analysis (IOA) regional economy SummaryThe aim of this article is to calculate energy intensity and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in Andalusia, the largest and most populated region of Spain. Energy intensities for five energy commodities used in production activities are calculated using a social accounting matrix (SAM) model with three alternative scenarios, each utilizing differing closure rules. More interestingly, by using 2005 data and updating the values of exogenous accounts, the article also provides estimates of CO 2 emissions ten years out from the 1995 base year. Finally, counterfactual experiments are performed to quantify the overall reduction in direct energy coefficients that would have made it possible to maintain constant production-sector emissions from 1995 to 2005. The results indicate that there is a strong interdependence among energy sectors and the most intensive energy users; they also indicate the importance of induced effects when factor accounts and private consumption are endogenous. The estimates obtained concerning CO 2 emissions are close to official estimates, both from 1995 and 2005. The counterfactual experiments indicate that a 26.5% cut in the size of direct energy requirements would have made it possible to maintain constant emissions. They also indicate that efforts to curtail emissions should be focused on improving efficiency in coal extraction and combustion and oil refining.

Environmental pollution has received the attention of both economists and ecologists who have integrated their ideas and concepts in recent decades. Production and consumption of material goods generates residuals that are disposed in the environment. Air emissions constitute one of the most important residuals, including greenhouse gases, as well as localized substances toxic to human health and the environment. How economic activity affects gas emissions is valuable information for pollution control and is extremely useful for defining and implementing successful environmental policies, aimed at improving the global efficiency of an economy. The e-book presents the relationship between economic activities and air pollution. It describes research contributions focused on showing the properties and the usefulness of National Accounting Matrices with Environmental Accounts (NAMEA). Additionally, demonstrates the most recent advances in the input-output methodology and linear extended multisectorial models to capture the gas emissions processes with empirical applications of these methods to specific countries. The contents of the e-book make it an interesting platform of new knowledge for both academic public and people in national agencies of environmental regulation.

After two decades in which Andalusia has been receiving financing from the European Structural Funds with the objective to develop through these investments the key sectors that boost economic growth in the region, this paper proposes an analysis that will reveal the economic impact of the European Funds received by the Autonomous Community of Andalusia during the period 2000-2006. For this will use the Social Accounting Matrix of year 2005 and a model of linear multipliers. The results will underscore a significant contribution of the European Funds to the growth of the region for the period analyzed (2000-2006).

The greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere are an economic and environmental problem. In this work we make a detailed study of the emissions from the branches of the Spanish energy sector. To this end, we have developed for the Spanish economy a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) with Environmental Accounts, considering the six greenhouse gases that the Kyoto Protocol states. In this SAM, the energy sector appears disaggregated in eight sectors, including renewable branches, in order to distinguish the emissions of each type of energy. The analysis is performed using a linear multisector model applied to the SAM, which allows us to obtain the emissions, both direct and indirect, caused by each branch of the Spanish energy sector. Finally, we evaluate the impact in emissions caused by a shift in the household energy consumption towards renewable energy.

The mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions can be approached in various ways: from the supply side, by using improvements in technologies and input uses; and from the changes in the demand for products, by influencing consumer behavior to achieve a more sustainable consumption pattern. Either way it can be approached using multi-sectoral data based on an input–output or on a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) framework, although a suitable database and the proposal of appropriate indicators are needed. A suitable database is developed through the estimation of new SAMs for the latest possible period, that of year 2015. This paper focuses on the demand approach: that of changes in the demand for products. It analyzes the different impacts among activities and commodities of a change in domestic household consumption patterns, compares the potential reductions in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions obtained through the reduction of specific demands, and considers the consequent reduction in output and employment. For this purpose, a linear multi-sectoral analysis is employed that focuses on the main EU member states. Despite major differences between countries, the results show that a decrease in emissions through demand-reduction policies exerts greater negative effects on those less polluting sectors with a higher intensity in the labor force, and offers a more suitable option for those highly polluting sectors with a lower concentration of the work factor. Richer countries that are based on service sectors therefore suffer a sharper drop in employment using this kind of policy.