Energy Intensities and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in a Social Accounting Matrix Model of the Andalusian Economy

Abstract

Keywords:carbon dioxide emissions decomposition analysis generalized multipliers industrial ecology input-output analysis (IOA) regional economy SummaryThe aim of this article is to calculate energy intensity and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in Andalusia, the largest and most populated region of Spain. Energy intensities for five energy commodities used in production activities are calculated using a social accounting matrix (SAM) model with three alternative scenarios, each utilizing differing closure rules. More interestingly, by using 2005 data and updating the values of exogenous accounts, the article also provides estimates of CO 2 emissions ten years out from the 1995 base year. Finally, counterfactual experiments are performed to quantify the overall reduction in direct energy coefficients that would have made it possible to maintain constant production-sector emissions from 1995 to 2005. The results indicate that there is a strong interdependence among energy sectors and the most intensive energy users; they also indicate the importance of induced effects when factor accounts and private consumption are endogenous. The estimates obtained concerning CO 2 emissions are close to official estimates, both from 1995 and 2005. The counterfactual experiments indicate that a 26.5% cut in the size of direct energy requirements would have made it possible to maintain constant emissions. They also indicate that efforts to curtail emissions should be focused on improving efficiency in coal extraction and combustion and oil refining.

LMDI decomposition analysis of energy consumption in Andalusia (Spain) during 2003–2012: the energy efficiency policy implications

“…Nevertheless, for the particular case of the evolution of energy intensity in Andalusia, multi-sectoral analysis has only been applied by means of social accounting matrices (SAMs) in Cardenete et al, (2008Cardenete et al, ( , 2009Cardenete et al, ( , 2012.…”

“…Firstly, IDA methodology is applied, by means of the LMDI technique, to the analysis of energy consumption and energy efficiency in Andalusia, a region in which this methodology has not been previously applied, thereby completing the existing literature by means of the use of a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) (Cardenete et al, 2008(Cardenete et al, , 2009(Cardenete et al, , 2012. Secondly, the IDA method is applied to the analysis of the consumption of energy by the primary, services, residential, transport (private and non-private), energy and industrial sectors, which are further broken down into 11 subsectors.…”

Quantitative accounting for social economic indicators

“…SAMs have been used to look at the impact of particular industries in a country, such as fishing in Alaska (Seung and Waters, ) or tourism in Mozambique (Jones, ) and for economic analysis (Santos, ). SAMs have also been used for assessing environmental impacts by using environmental satellite accounts within a SAM (Cardenete et al ., ; Morilla et al ., ; Xie, ). Others have used a SAM for considering social inequality (Sanz and Perdiz, ) and trickle‐up redistributive cycles that perpetuate poverty (Lenzen and Schaeffer, ).…”

WIOD SAMs adjusted with Eurostat data for the EU-27

“…But their construction and publication has been on the upswing of late (Santos, 2007, Lange and Schade, 2008, Deb Pal et al, 2012, Debowickz et al, 2013, Al-Riffai et al, 2016. In some cases, their construction has been motivated by the study of specific productive sectors, such as SAMs specifically elaborated for evaluating the economic effects of tourism (Jones, 2010), agriculture (Monge et al, 2014), energy (Cardenete et al, 2012). In other cases, they respond to the need of accounting for specific details not included in standard accounts as financial variables (Ayadi andSalem, 2014, Aray et al, 2017).…”