The objective of this paper is to develop a coherent approach to describe the agri‐food and other bio‐based accounts in the European Union. The paper presents a case study of Spain based on a Social Accounting Matrix with a highly disaggregated agricultural account for the year 2000. The analysis of multipliers allows identifying backward and forward linkages, key sectors, and employment multipliers of the Spanish agri‐food and other bio‐based accounts. This analysis helps us to better understand the extended agri‐food account's economic linkages. No primary agricultural account emerges as key for the Spanish economy, while the production of (renewable) energy appears the only key sector related to agri‐food and other bio‐based accounts. Livestock and related bio‐based products present the highest backward linkages, that is, they have significant diffusion effects of activity to the whole economy.
Small-scale sporting events contribute to hosting economies through the expenditures of both sports team activities and sports tourism. Among these sports, football has an increasing importance worldwide, with outstanding competition, such as the Spanish Football League. The goal of this paper was to assess the impact of a team's promotion on the hosting economy by using linear models based on regionalized Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs). The proposed methodology is applied to the real case of the promotion of the Spanish team Cordoba F.C. over the 2014-2015 season. Estimates are made under two scenarios, conservative and progressive, encompassing different rates of both attendance and average expenditure per spectator and per match. The results highlight that the net expenditures associated with small-scale sporting events benefit the hosting economy, spurring the production of goods and services directly demanded as well as the production of supplier activities.
RESUMENLos eventos deportivos de pequeña escala contribuyen a las economías anfitrionas tanto a través de los gastos de las actividades de los equipos deportivos como a través del turismo deportivo. Entre esos deportes, el futbol tiene una creciente importancia en todo el mundo, como la sobresaliente competición de la Liga de Futbol española. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar el impacto de la promoción de un equipo en la economía anfitriona utilizando modelos lineales basados en Matrices regionales de Contabilidad Social. La metodología propuesta se aplica al caso real de la promoción del equipo español Córdoba FC durante la temporada 2014-2015. Las estimaciones se hacen bajo dos escenarios, conservador y progresista, abarcando diferentes tasas tanto de asistencia como de gasto medio por espectador y partido. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los gastos netos asociados con eventos deportivos de pequeña escala benefician a la economía local, estimulando la producción de bienes y servicios directamente demandados así como la producción de actividades proveedoras.
Heritage sites attract cultural tourists and represent a major source of revenue and employment for the destination’s economy. This article assesses a cultural heritage site’s economic impact on its environment via linear models based on regionalized social accounting matrices. The proposed methodology is applied to data gathered on the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba in the year 2013 to determine the heritage site’s contribution to the host economy in terms of production and employment.
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