The purpose of this quantitative study was to develop a 10-item suwey to measure the caritas processes. By using exploratory factor analysis to examine the underlying structure of the 20-item Caring Factor Survey it was discovered that taken together the caritas processes are a measure of the single concept of caring that can be reliably measured by a 10-item scale. The results of the factor analysis and item reduction, resulting in a 10-item Caring Factor Suwey are presented. The 10-item Caring Factor Suwey can be used by registered nurses in the practice setting to measure caring when practice is guided by Watson’s (1979) theory of human caring.

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Hope is a phenomenon that, although difficult to define, is experienced in various ways and to different degrees by individuals when confronted with a life-threatening illness. Often a paradox of hope exists in the same moment of time or along a continuum for a patient receiving palliative care. The purpose of this manuscript is to conceptually define the paradox of hope, to operationalize the concept, and to apply the concept to nursing practice. By providing a link between the paradox of hope and the practice of nursing, nurses have the potential to relieve patient suffering by fostering and supporting a patient’s concept of hope in receiving palliative care.

The aim was to identify which factors facilitate providing integrated behavioral health care for Iraqi refugees in nationally recognized community health center in Northern USA. The social-ecological model (SEM) framework guided this qualitative case study exploring the experience of 11 professional staff. Data were collected from June through August 2021 through individual interviews. Eight themes emerged based on the SEM levels: Intrapersonal-gender-driven engagement; interpersonal-the need for discretion and trusting relationship; community-collaboration with community resources and integrator from the community; organizational-holistic care, and long-term care; and policy-insufficient educational preparation. The results highlight components for clinical practice and policymakers regarding a population that is a big consumer of mental health care. Future research should explore other vulnerable populations, the effect of social groups, and the incorporation of community resources as part of the integrated care team.

Substance abuse and addiction are responsible for an assortment of health and financial concerns in the United States. Tools to identify and assist at-risk persons before they develop a substance use disorder are necessary. Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) can be utilized by health-care professionals to identify those at risk to minimize healthrelated complications and the potential of developing a substance use disorder. The primary objective of this study was to provide educational training sessions on SBIRT to health-care students utilizing interprofessional education activities and assess perceptions of the training sessions and activities with regard to confidence to utilize SBIRT in at-risk patients and overall student satisfaction with SBIRT instruction. The research protocol enrolled students of pharmacy, nursing, medicine, behavioral health, and physician assistant studies who received interprofessional SBIRT training. Students completed an anonymous posttraining online survey, measuring student perceptions of knowledge gained and confidence to utilize training. A total of 303 students completed the SBIRT training. Approximately 70% of students were satisfied with the training materials, instruction, quality, and experience. After training, 78% were confident that they could perform screening for substance abuse, conduct a brief intervention (80%), and when to refer to treatment (71%). A total 73% of students reported that the asynchronous online-based activity was extremely effective in increasing knowledge of the roles and responsibilities of other disciplines and providing opportunities to interact with students from other health professions. Interprofessional education-trained students from multiple health-care disciplines feel comfortable performing SBIRT to identify persons at risk for substance misuse in practice.

Tobacco use in the lives of these girls changed over time. The importance of listening to their stories and giving meaning to the behavior is clear. Nurses must continue to explore these methods as they support clients in tobacco cessation programs. While none of the girls in this study quit smoking, the need for nursing interventions to support tobacco users by understanding their physical and emotional relationship with tobacco is important for future success.

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