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Background Nurses are at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, nurses have faced an elevated risk of exposure and have experienced the hazards related to a novel virus. While being heralded as lifesaving heroes on the front lines of the pandemic, nurses have experienced more physical, mental, and psychosocial problems as a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak. Social media discussions by nursing professionals participating in publicly formed Facebook groups constitute a valuable resource that offers longitudinal insights. Objective This study aimed to explore how COVID-19 impacted nurses through capturing public sentiments expressed by nurses on a social media discussion platform and how these sentiments changed over time. Methods We collected over 110,993 Facebook discussion posts and comments in an open COVID-19 group for nurses from March 2020 until the end of November 2020. Scraping of deidentified offline HTML tags on social media posts and comments was performed. Using subject-matter expert opinions and social media analytics (ie, topic modeling, information retrieval, and sentiment analysis), we performed a human-in-a-loop analysis of nursing professionals’ key perspectives to identify trends of the COVID-19 impact among at-risk nursing communities. We further investigated the key insights of the trends of the nursing professionals’ perspectives by detecting temporal changes of comments related to emotional effects, feelings of frustration, impacts of isolation, shortage of safety equipment, and frequency of safety equipment uses. Anonymous quotes were highlighted to add context to the data. Results We determined that COVID-19 impacted nurses’ physical, mental, and psychosocial health as expressed in the form of emotional distress, anger, anxiety, frustration, loneliness, and isolation. Major topics discussed by nurses were related to work during a pandemic, misinformation spread by the media, improper personal protective equipment (PPE), PPE side effects, the effects of testing positive for COVID-19, and lost days of work related to illness. Conclusions Public Facebook nursing groups are venues for nurses to express their experiences, opinions, and concerns and can offer researchers an important insight into understanding the COVID-19 impact on health care workers.

Background and methodology Unintended pregnancy is a concern in the USA due to its association with adverse physical, mental, social and economic outcomes. Few studies have examined this issue among married women from a social and contextual perspective. This study targeted married women to examine factors associated with unintended pregnancy using the ecological model of health promotion that focuses attention on both individual and social environmental factors. Data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) were merged with NSFG contextual files to examine the major predictive factors. target for the general population of women in the USA for intended pregnancies, set at 70%, 3 will not be met. Unintended pregnancy is associated with significant and costly physical, psychological and socioeconomic risks to both mother and child. 4,5 Children born as a result of an unintended pregnancy are more likely to be premature, have a low birth weight, and are at increased risk for child abuse. 2,6,7 Women who experience an unintended pregnancy are more likely to have inadequate prenatal care, 7 a lower educational level, and live in poverty. 2,8 Although unintended pregnancy is higher among unmarried women, little attention has been paid to the significant and unique concerns that are experienced by married women. Among married women, approximately 27% have reported an unintended pregnancy in the 2002 survey. Among married women, there has been little improvement since 1995 when the unintended pregnancy rate was 28%. 1 Explanations as to why married women have not made significant progress in the reduction of unintended pregnancy are unclear. marital dissolution had a higher probability of an unintended pregnancy. Women reported that their husbands were likely to concur with the unintended designation of the pregnancy. Results Discussion and conclusionsThis study utilised a unique perspective to examine contextual factors related to unintended pregnancy among married women. The results support the need to focus on the couple as a unit for prevention efforts. Social policies to enhance access to family planning services are necessary to improve outcomes and prevent unintended pregnancies.Keywords ecological model, family planning education, health promotion, married women, unintended pregnancy Researchers at the Emory Center on Health Outcomes and Quality 9 reported that one-third of the unintended pregnancies among the 1173 births examined in this study occurred among married, educated and commercially insured women. Only 40% of the women with unintended pregnancy reported using contraception at the time of the study. Goldsmith et al. 10 also examined knowledge of emergency contraception in a population-based sample of women in Oregon. The majority (69.5%) of the sample included married women. They noted that lack of knowledge about emergency contraception was associated with unintended pregnancy when controlled for marital status and age. Theoretical modelWhile multiple factors have been studied in relat...

In this article we describe the process of an interdisciplinary case study that examined the social contexts of occupational and general health disparities among health care workers in two sets of New England hospitals and nursing homes. A political economy of the work environment framework guided the study, which incorporated dimensions related to market dynamics, technology, and political and economic power. The purpose of this article is to relate the challenges encountered in occupational health care settings and how these could have impacted the study results. An innovative data collection matrix that guided small-group analysis provided a firm foundation from which to make design modifications to address these challenges. Implications for policy and research include the use of a political and economic framework from which to frame future studies, and the need to maintain rigor while allowing flexibility in design to adapt to challenges in the field.