Tropical regions receive the highest level of global solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation especially UV-B (280-320 nm).The average daily dose of the UV-B radiation in Madurai, South India (10 ~ N) is 10 kJ m -2. This is approximately 50% more than the average daily UV-B radiation in many European countries. A field study was conducted using selective filters to remove either the UV-B (< 320 nm) or UV-B/A (<400 rim) of the solar spectrum, and the effects were followed in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Vigna mungo, and Vigna radiata to determine their sensitivity to UV. When compared to ambient radiation, exclusion of solar UV-B increased the seedling height, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight and the crop yield by 50% in the case of Cyamopsis, and the extent of such increase was slightly less under UV-B/A exclusion. In V. mungo a significant reduction was seen in solar UV excluded plants while V. radiata was found to be unaffected.

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We investigated the effects of UV-A and UV-B enhanced radiation on plants of Phaseolus mungo. Low doses caused varying responses in such growth and yield components as shoot and root lengths, leaf area, fresh mass and dry matter, pod numbers, and seed numbers and weights. Compared with the performances of the control plants, supplementation with UV-A radiation promoted overall growth, while UV-B radiation inhibited development. Moreover, both sources of radiation caused reduced yields, although this effect was comparatively less in plants treated with UV-A radiation.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma plays an inadequate mention in the second cause of death because of cancer worldwide. An alternative therapy with high rate of prognosis and also without side effects. Several data indicated the therapeutic e cacy of Enhalus acoroides. There were no scienti c studies on chemopreventive and antioxidant potential of Enhalus acoroides against hepatocellular carcinoma.Purpose: To investigate the hepatoprotective e cacy of ethanolic extract of Enhalus acoroides (EEEA) against DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma using wistar albino rats.Study design: Animals were divided into ve groups each comprising six rats. Normal saline given to Group I-Control rats. By using DEN, liver cancer was induced to Group II, III, IV and V rats as single intraperitoneally injection (100 mg/kg body weight). At the beginning of 6 th week, Groups III rats received EEEA (200mg/kg body weight/day) upto 16 weeks. Group IV rats received EEEA for one week before the administration of DEN and continued till the 16 th week. After the administration of DEN, Group V positive control rats received Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) at the beginning of 6 th week and continued upto 16 weeks. The e cacy of Enhalus acoroides for its Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties during its simultaneous treatment against DEN induced liver damage was evaluated in rats. Methods: The hepatoprotective e cacy of EEEA (200 mg/kg) was investigated against DEN (100 mg/kg/b.w) induced hepatotoxicity, was measured by evaluating serum liver markers levels (ALT, AST, GGT and ALP), Kidney markers (Urea and Creatinine), Lipid pro le (TG, HDL, LDL & Total cholesterol) and Serum tumor markers (DNA, RNA, AFP and CEA). EEEA-aided antioxidant defence against hepatotoxic insult of DEN was measured by evaluating various Antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, Vit C and Vit E) Morphometric gross analysis and Histopathological studies were done to support the outcomes of the present study.Results: A signi cant increased antioxidant defence and reduced MDA levels in the serum of EEEA treated animals compared to the DEN induced animals. The resulting data showed that the administration of EEEA decreased the serum liver markers levels, kidney markers, Lipid pro le and serum tumor markers when compared to the untreated rats. The histopathological anomalies were altered on administration of EEEA indicating its protective effects on hepatocytes when compared with untreated rats. Conclusions: Our consequences established that crude ethanolic extract of Enhalus acoroides shown an effective impact against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, and serves as a better option for chemopreventive treatments.

The effect of low doses of UV-A (320-400 nm) and UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation on photosynthetic activities in Phaseolus mungo L was investigated under field condition. Supplementation of UV-A enhanced the synthesis of chlorophyll and carotenoids than the UV-B supplemented plants. Significant increase was seen in the concentration of UV-B absorbing compounds of UV-B treated plants. Increase of PS 2 activity in UV-A treated plants was seen. Changes in photosynthetic activity were measured in terms of PS 2 mediated 02 evolution and Chl a fluorescence.

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