Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma plays an inadequate mention in the second cause of death because of cancer worldwide. An alternative therapy with high rate of prognosis and also without side effects. Several data indicated the therapeutic e cacy of Enhalus acoroides. There were no scienti c studies on chemopreventive and antioxidant potential of Enhalus acoroides against hepatocellular carcinoma.Purpose: To investigate the hepatoprotective e cacy of ethanolic extract of Enhalus acoroides (EEEA) against DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma using wistar albino rats.Study design: Animals were divided into ve groups each comprising six rats. Normal saline given to Group I-Control rats. By using DEN, liver cancer was induced to Group II, III, IV and V rats as single intraperitoneally injection (100 mg/kg body weight). At the beginning of 6 th week, Groups III rats received EEEA (200mg/kg body weight/day) upto 16 weeks. Group IV rats received EEEA for one week before the administration of DEN and continued till the 16 th week. After the administration of DEN, Group V positive control rats received Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) at the beginning of 6 th week and continued upto 16 weeks. The e cacy of Enhalus acoroides for its Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties during its simultaneous treatment against DEN induced liver damage was evaluated in rats. Methods: The hepatoprotective e cacy of EEEA (200 mg/kg) was investigated against DEN (100 mg/kg/b.w) induced hepatotoxicity, was measured by evaluating serum liver markers levels (ALT, AST, GGT and ALP), Kidney markers (Urea and Creatinine), Lipid pro le (TG, HDL, LDL & Total cholesterol) and Serum tumor markers (DNA, RNA, AFP and CEA). EEEA-aided antioxidant defence against hepatotoxic insult of DEN was measured by evaluating various Antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, Vit C and Vit E) Morphometric gross analysis and Histopathological studies were done to support the outcomes of the present study.Results: A signi cant increased antioxidant defence and reduced MDA levels in the serum of EEEA treated animals compared to the DEN induced animals. The resulting data showed that the administration of EEEA decreased the serum liver markers levels, kidney markers, Lipid pro le and serum tumor markers when compared to the untreated rats. The histopathological anomalies were altered on administration of EEEA indicating its protective effects on hepatocytes when compared with untreated rats. Conclusions: Our consequences established that crude ethanolic extract of Enhalus acoroides shown an effective impact against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, and serves as a better option for chemopreventive treatments.

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Approximate standard errors (s.e) of sample coefficient of variation (c.v.) are available in the literature (Kendall and Stuart, 1977; Serfting 1980). Using these s.e.'s a large sample test can be constructed to test for the specified value of population c.v. The test can also be justified on the principles of Wald test. These s.e.'s have been worked out assuming that the random variable has a distribution. Following Foutz and Srivastava (1977), we study the asymptotic performance of the test when the model is incorrect. Examples from realistic situations have been considered and approximate Babadur efficiencies have been worked out. Numerical results indicate that the test is fairly robust when the departure from the model is not too pronounced.

Least square estimators in multiple linear regressions under multicollinearity become unstable as they produce large variance for the estimated regression coefficients. Hoerl and Kennard 1970, developed ridge estimators for cases of high degree of collinearity. In ridge estimation, the estimation of ridge parameter ( k ) is vital. In this article new methods for estimating ridge parameter are introduced. The performance of the proposed estimators is investigated through mean square errors (MSE). Monte-Carlo simulation technique indicated that the proposed estimators perform better than ordinary least squares (OLS) estimators as well as few other ridge estimators.

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The human body has an elaborate antioxidant defence system. Antioxidants are manufactured within the body and may even be extracted from the food like fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, meats and oil. Fresh fruits and vegetables are a rich source of antioxidant vitamins such as A, C and E, that prevent cellular damage associated with many diseases. This present investigation was designed to evaluate the radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of Cucumis melo fruit. The in vitro free radical scavenging effect of the Cucumis melo (L) fruit extract was assessed by using 1,1 – diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), ABTS (2, 2’-Azinobis (3-ethyl Benz Thiazoline-6-Sulfonic acid) hydroxyl radical, reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assay. The scavenging activity of the fruit extract was tested at different concentrations. C.melo fruit extract showed concentration dependant free radical scavenging activity. Ethanol extract of Cucumis melo fruit (EECMF) exhibited maximum scavenging activity against DPPH (64.46%), ABTS (70.52%) hydroxyl radical (62.57%), and nitric oxide (61.18%) in comparison with standard antioxidants. The reducing power of ethanol extract of C.melo fruit was found to be 0.11 at 0.2mg/ml and increased to 0.49 at 1mg/ml. These results clearly indicate that ethanolic extract of C.melo fruit has great potential of free radical scavenging activity and it may be used as a bioactive source of natural antioxidants for pharmacology of functional foods.

To determine terpenoid profile of Solanum villosum using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique. 2cl of test solution and 2cl of standard solution was loaded as 6mm band length in the 3 x 10 Silica gel 60F254 TLC plate using Hamilton syringe and CAMAG LINOMAT 5 instrument. The extract was run along with the standard terpenoid compound and it was observed that the extract showed the presence of terpenoid and it was confirmed from the chromatogram after derivatization. The Rf value of the different compounds present in the extract was found to 0

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