Since various sports differ in number of competitions athletes participate in, difference would come in the periodisation patterns as well. For instance, endurance sports such as marathon and long distance running, limit participation of the athletes to few competitions within a year/season. This results in planning long macrocycles of training often equalling a year in duration. This happens when major competitions of the year are grouped together (ie, October–November) and athlete can successfully participate in them within one peaking attempt. In case major competitions are scattered over the year or the gap between them is too long (ie, April–May and October–November), we need to follow double periodisation. Power sports, like sprints, jumps, weightlifting, etc, can have their representatives participating in larger number of competitions a year and their planning pattern could be pretty different. It can well fit into double periodisation pattern, but when three to five major competitions are there to participate within the year (ie, March, July and November), triple or multiple periodisation patterns might be of use. Team games like football, basketball, hockey and others, with traditionally long competitive periods when they play league matches for 4–5 months or even longer, plan their macrocycle in completely different manner. They still follow single periodisation pattern but they change the ratio of periods within the macrocycle. Individual/group games like tennis and badminton follow more or less the multi-peaking patterns with very brief and precisely planned training periods (rather blocks). The reason being, besides participation in the four Grand Slam tournaments and year finale in the form of ATP/WTA world championships (top eight only), players need to play at least four warming up tournaments at various surfaces. Atop of it they need to play good number of ranking tournaments to ensure high ranking and good chances for better seeding in the major tournaments.
Squash is an indoor game that is the second fastest racket sports if compared to badminton and tennis. Squash game puts a high demand on physical fitness of elite players which requires a quick development of high force, rapid changes of direction and fast reaction. The objective of this study was to develop the physical fitness profile of Malaysian junior state squash players. Sixty five 10 to 18 years old male Kelantan state squash players were tested with seven skill-related fitness tests. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyze the data collected from the tests. A one-way ANOVA was used to detect statistical differences between groups. A posthoc test (LSD) was performed to determine differences in in the variables between groups. The data was collected for flexibility, speed, muscular endurance, power of upper and lower extremities, agility and cardiovascular endurance. There were significant differences in the mean speed, muscular endurance, agility, power of lower extremities, power of upper extremities, flexibility and predicted VO 2 max between 13-15 and 16-18 years of age groups when compared to 10-12 years old players (p<0.05). Similarly, there were significant differences in speed, muscular endurance, agility, power of lower extremities, power of upper extremities, flexibility and VO 2 max between 16-18 and 13-15 year old players (p<0.05).
Achieving and maintaining sustainability as well as creating legacy to be best utilized in future is a challenging and at the same time generous objective for any country and any institution. The legacy concept development by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was further advanced through the Olympic Games Impact (OGI) project and is now efficiently governed and its execution observed by the IOC Sustainability and Legacy Commission. Most nations and institutions related to sports and physical education supported this movement to assist spreading the legacy of the Olympic Games to advance the promotion of sports for all, so that vast majority of population gets an opportunity to become more physically active, and/or to get involved in sports activities. The objectives of this editorial were on one hand to project the National University of Ukraine on Physical Education and Sport (NUUPES) activities aimed at improving sustainability and legacy in sport; and on the other hand, to highlight the outcomes and proceedings of the 4th International online conference “Sustainability and Legacy in Sport: Challenges and Perspectives” which was held on 26-27th November 2020 in Kyiv, Ukraine. This conference was as well the part of NUUPES activities aimed at further improving sustainability and legacy in Sport. Special thanks to Sport Mont for providing a platform for publishing the conference scientific papers in this Special Issue of the journal.
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