The Effects of Modified and Normal Taper on Mood States, Cortisol Level and 20km Time Trial Performance  Among Elite Junior Cyclist

Ishak, Asmadi; Hashim, Hairul Anuar; Krasilshchikov, Oleksandr

doi:10.22376/ijpbs.2018.9.1.b88-95

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the included studies did not detail the intensity distribution characteristics. Generally speaking, as the competition day was approaching, endurance athletes tended to reduce the duration of exercise, and increase the number of exercises of a specific intensity to further increase HIT intensity to that of race pace [ 19 ], 90% [ 17 , 76 ], or > 90% HR max [ 59 , 77 ]. In general, intensity distribution grew more polarized as the major competition approached [ 76 ], especially for endurance events such as long- and ultra-long-distance running.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tapering on performance in endurance athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang

Gao

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Objective To assess the responses to taper in endurance athletes using meta-analysis. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and EMBASE databases. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of outcome measures were calculated as effect sizes. Results 14 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Significant improvements were found between pre- and post-tapering in time–trial (TT) performance (SMD = −0.45; P < 0.05) and time to exhaustion (TTE) performance (SMD = 1.28; P < 0.05). However, There were no improvements in maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) and economy of movement (EM) (P > 0.05) between pre- and post-tapering. Further subgroup analysis showed that tapering combined with pre-taper overload training had a more significant effect on TT performance than conventional tapering (P < 0.05). A tapering strategy that reduced training volume by 41–60%, maintained training intensity and frequency, lasted ≤7 days, 8–14 days, or 15–21 days, used a progressive or step taper could significantly improve TT performance (P < 0.05). Conclusions The tapering applied in conjunction with pre-taper overload training seems to be more conducive to maximize performance gains. Current evidence suggests that a ≤21-day taper, in which training volume is progressively reduced by 41–60% without changing training intensity or frequency, is an effective tapering strategy.

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