The main objective of this study was to synthesize hydroxyapatite-ciprofloxacin composites using a chemical precipitation method and to evaluate the properties and in vitro release profile of the drug from the hydroxyapatite-ciprofloxacin composites. Composite characterization was achieved by FT-IR, XRD and DLS. Ciprofloxacin determination was accomplished by HPLC, resulting in good incorporation efficiency of the drug (18.13 %). The in vitro release study (Higuchi model C = K t1/2 and Ritger-Peppas model, C = K t0.6) showed a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The antibacterial activity showed that the bacterial growth inhibition zones were approximately equal for the synthesis composites and for the mechanical mixture on the Staphylococcus aureus germ. The use of hydroxyapatite, which is a biocompatible, bioactive and osteoconductive material, with ciprofloxacin, which has good antibacterial activity in this composite, makes it suitable for the development of bone grafts. Furthermore, the synthesis process allows a slow local release of the drug.
A design of experiment (DoE) approach is presented for the optimization of Alendronate-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles� synthesis. The synthesis was performed using the chemical precipitation technique from calcium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and alendronate. Synthesis temperature, reactant addition rate and ripening time were chosen as the most relevant experimental factors for our synthesis. Design of Experiments was used in order to measure these conclusive process parameters and their effect on controlling some final nanoparticles parameters, such us: alendronate incorporation efficiency (IncorporationEfficiency, %), hydroxyapatite crystallite size (Size_XRD, nm), hydroxyapatite particle size distribution (Size_DLS, �). Our study found that better HA-AL incorporation efficiency and small nonoparticles can be obtained using the following chemical process parameters: reaction temperature 30oC or smaller, ripening time 108h and addition rate 0.1mol/min. The analysis of more than one nanoparticles characteristics was possible using DoE software, MODDE 9.1. Thus, hydroxyapatite-alendronate incorporation efficiency should be expected to increase with decreasing temperature below 300C, increasing the maturate time at least 108h, at an addition rate of 0.1mol/min, in an N2 atmosphere. The same conditions will ensure nanoparticles small size that would be more desirable for the application of implants.
Plant extracts with antimicrobial potential are an important research directive in the current medical world, aiming to isolate active components in order to develop new chemotherapeutic agents that can be used in the treatment of various infectious disease. In the present study we determined the content of polyphenol carboxylic acids and flavonoids for two vegetal extracts, by means of TLC, GC-MS and HPLC techniques. Antimicrobial activity was determined on five bacterial species by performing agar diffusion method, using discs impregnated with standard antimicrobial substances and tested plant extracts. Our results showed that the alcoholic extracts Tragoponis pratensis folium and Myrtilli fructus contain polyphenolic compounds and had antimicrobial effect on a wide range of microorganisms (gram positive and negative).
Tamarix ramosissima (Tamaricaceae) is a small tree that grows spontaneously in Europe and Asia, being considered an invasive species in geographical areas with warm climates. The chemical composition is partially elucidated, being empirically used for antiinflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial and antioxidant effect. Our study aimed to evaluate the total polyphenol and flavonoid content of vegetal extracts and to test in vivo antioxidant therapeutic effect of it, comparative with Vaccinium myrtillus, using streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. After five weeks the animals were sacrificed and we determined erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and level of lipid peroxides as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Antioxidant enzymes had highest activities in mice treated with T. ramosissima extract and the level of lipid peroxides was the lowest. The tested extract had higher content of polyphenols comparative with V. myrtillus. Our results sustain the efficiency of T. ramosissima extracts on normalizing the effects of oxidative stress in diabetes.
Dorycnium herbaceum (DH) is a perennial herb or small shrub 10-80 cm high, which can be found in Central and Southeastern Europe. It is a little studied plant, which is known to have antibacterial and antifungal effect. In the present study we determined by spectrophotometric methods the total polyphenolic, flavonoidic, carotenic and chlorophyllic content of DH species, comparative to the bilberry. We also monitored the status of antioxidant enzymes using mice with oxidative stress induced by streptozotocinic diabet. For the induction of diabetes we used Swiss albino mice to which we injected streptozotocin intraperitoneally at a single dose of 180 mg / kg b.w.. The results showed that both chemical composition tinctures contain appreciable amounts of polyphenols, the highest content starring DH tincture species, but bilberry fruits have higher content of flavonoids, carotene and chlorophyll. Both plant extracts regulate the status of antioxidant enzymes, DH having superior efficacy.
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