One of the ways to implement an innovative model of economic development is state financial support for priority areas of innovative activity, which are aimed at ensuring the economic security of the state, creating high-tech competitive environmentally friendly products, providing high-quality services and increasing the export potential of the state. The Law of Ukraine "On Priority Areas of Innovative Activity in Ukraine" approved 7 strategic priority areas of innovative activity, according to which the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "Some issues of determining medium-term priority areas of innovative activity at the national level for 2017-2022" (No. 1056 from 28.12.2016) 41 medium-term priority areas of innovative activity at the national level for 2017-2022 have been established, and annual monitoring of their implementation by the main managers of budget funds has been introduced. The Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information monitors the implementation of priority areas of innovative activity, which is carried out by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine informs about its results. The purpose of the scientific work is to research and assess the state of implementation of strategic and medium-term priority areas of innovative activity at the national level by the main managers of budget funds for the use of the obtained results in the implementation of the state innovation policy, in particular, the forecasting of scientific, technical and innovative development. Monitoring of the implementation of priority areas of innovative activity in 2021 was carried out on the basis of the data of the main administrators on the implementation of innovative activities by them and the implementation of technology transfer at the expense of the state budget. A comparative assessment of the results of innovative activity was carried out in terms of strategic priorities and medium-term priorities of the national level; by types of innovative activity; the dynamics of innovative activity and technology transfer in the domestic and foreign markets were studied. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn regarding the growth in 2021 of the business sector's demand for innovative developments and a real increase in the amount of budget funding of priority areas of innovative activity; increasing activity of technology transfer in domestic and foreign markets; an increase in the number of fundamentally new technologies transferred to the foreign market; growth in the share of technologies transferred to industrial enterprises; transfer with registration of intellectual property rights on the foreign market of all technologies, on the domestic market – the majority of them. Proposals have been given to activate and increase the effectiveness of the implementation of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities in priority areas, including: increase the funding of scientific research with a focus on the transfer of the results of fundamental scientific research into the thematic areas of R&D with the involvement of the business sector in funding; to intensify the stimulation of investors (domestic and foreign) to support scientific research and scientific and technical (experimental) developments and innovative activities; to intensify the stimulation of the scientific sector to the formation of topical and demanded topics of scientific research aimed at the creation of innovative developments to ensure the innovative development of the domestic economy.
Scientific research, new knowledge, technological innovations are the main source of economic growth of the state, ensuring its national security, competitiveness and living standards. The development of science in any country is influenced by global trends in knowledge generation, key factors influencing science and technology policy, global trends in research and development spending. Budget funding for science is a key government tool that supports the activities of public sector organizations of science, universities, regulates the development of priority areas of science and innovation. The state of scientific potential, its effectiveness for the country’s economy is determined by the adequacy of funds needed to perform competitive research and development, which are in demand in both domestic and foreign markets. The article considers the global costs of research and development in the United States, leading countries in Europe and Asia, shows trends in their change. The results of comparative assessment of financial costs of the world’s leading countries for research and development are presented. A brief analysis of current trends in the field of research is presented. Based on the results of the monitoring, the current state of indicators of financing of scientific and scientific-technical activity in Ukraine, volumes of budgetary financing of scientific researches and developments on priority directions of development of science and technology are analyzed. It is determined that neither the amount of budget funding nor the structure of expenditures on research and development do not meet the requirements of innovative economic development and building a knowledge-based society.
Today, the scientific and technological sphere has become the main arena of competition between countries in the world, and the use of new technologies, especially in the field of armaments, is considered as one of the most important levers of geopolitics. Such technologies are a key for expanding the capabilities of the state's defense capabilities and achieving national security goals, priory to military and military-economic, as well as scientific and technological security. Today, the identification of scientific and technological key areas of military development is used to determine the priorities of scientific and technological development and military-technical policy which is crucial for the process of creating promising models of armaments and military equipment. The introduction of the latest technologies in the military is difficult to imagine without the use of computer and other telecommunications equipment, artificial intelligence technology, military robotics, quantum and space technology, 3D printing and biotechnology. Although they all are already used in the military and security spheres, still monitoring innovation and new technologies in the military are important for understanding not only future wars, but also global security. This study reviews global technological trends based on the analysis of publications of foreign consulting agencies, international organizations and forecasting and analytical research conducted by the author's methodology. The data upon perspective directions of development of scientific and technological researches in the military sphere on the basis of the analysis of publishing activity of a DB of Web of Science and a DB of patents of Derwent Innovations is provided. In particular, the range of new directions of technological development of the military sphere has been expanded and clarified not only in general, but also specified by types and kinds of troops. This analysis allowed us to determine that the areas of development claimed by international organizations and consulting agencies correlate with the areas identified by the authors of the study on the basis of scientometric and patent analysis. At the same time, the forecasted promising areas of research, determined by scientometric analysis of Web of Science publications, more or less completely coincide with the forecasts of NATO, RAND Corporation.
Funding is a necessary condition for the functioning of science in any country, its competitiveness in the global space, a key characteristic of the state of the national scientific and technological complex. Currently, countries with developed economies allocate large funds for the development of science in order to stimulate economic growth, increase the competitiveness of industry, energy and agriculture, health care, environmental protection, national security and others. The article examines the global costs of research and development, trends, funding models in leading countries according to open sources (including the National Center for Scientific and Technical Statistics of the US National Science Foundation, the Statistical Office of the European Union, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development, etc.). The growth of expenditures on research and development, the systematic growth of science-intensive GDP — the main trend in the development of the world’s economic elite in recent decades. The significant increase in expenditures for the period 2000–2017 partly reflects the intensification of economic competition among the countries of the world. The current state of financing of scientific and scientific-technical works in Ukraine is shown on the basis of statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and information on the financial support of research and development in the priority areas of science and technology, which were performed at the expense of the state budget. the comparison of the volumes of financing of the scientific sphere in Ukraine and the countries of the world is carried out.
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