Foresight-based forecasting methods have become widespread throughout the world, which provide for the study of the prospects for the development of markets, industries, science-intensive products, with the justification of management decisions, etc. Technological foresight is a method for determining the prospects for innovative development, identifying technological breakthroughs that can maximally affect the development of the economy and society in the medium and long term. The validity period of the Laws of Ukraine "On Priority Areas of Scientific and Technical Activity" and "On Priority Areas of Innovation Activity in Ukraine" expires in 2021-2022. Taking into account the Decree of the President of Ukraine from September 30, 2019 No. 722/2019 "On the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine for the period up to 2030", it was decided to conduct foresight studies in Ukraine, and put the Sustainable Development Goals as their basis. The chosen methodology provided for foresight research in three stages: 1) a survey of experts - representatives of scientific organizations and higher educational institutions (HEIs) on the proposed directions of scientific and technological research that are important for achieving the SDG in Ukraine; 2) a survey of experts - representatives of business and central authorities on the acceptability of the directions proposed by scientists for the development of business and the state; 3) determination of international competitiveness and patentability of the Ukrainian scientists proposals. More than 500 experts took part in foresight research in Ukraine, including representatives of central executive authorities, scientists, heads of public organizations, associations and businessmen. Based on the results of expert surveys, a list of the most necessary directions for the development of science and technology for 2021-2030 for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals was determined. This list includes proposals on the topics of all 17 Sustainable Development Goals, which are proposed to be combined into such clusters and which are proposed as strategic priorities for scientific and technological activities: • digitalization of the economy; • green growth and increased resource efficiency of the economy; • overcoming hunger, developing the agro-industrial complex; • health of the nation; • development of industry 4.0 and convergent technologies; • development of an inclusive society.
Systematic monitoring of global tendencies and trends enables governments to set their work agendas and make future-oriented policies, plan ecosystem development using advanced technologies, mobilize resources in a sound manner, etc. For business, trend analysis gives an idea of the further technological development of various fields of activity and helps to form an investment portfolio in advance, redesign a business or develop a successful business plan for production, etc. In Ukraine, the effectiveness and efficiency of scientific, technical and innovation policy is largely determined by the establishment and support of priorities for scientific, technical and innovative development. Therefore, for the correct formation of the further development strategy of the state, it is necessary, first, to determine scientific directions capable of producing competitive innovative solutions, which will create the basis for a significant technological breakthrough of the state and ensure the achievement of the national Sustainable Development Goals in the future. The purpose of this work is to analyse technological trends in the context of national Sustainable Development Goals to determine new priority areas for scientific and technological development in Ukraine for 2021-2030. The analysis of technological trends for Sustainable Development Goals was conducted to achieve the goals. There are the following: No. 2 "Overcome hunger, agricultural development", No. 3 "Good health and well-being", No. 6 "Clean water and proper sanitation", No. 7 "Affordable and clean energy", No. 9 "Industry, innovation and infrastructure", No. 11 "Sustainable Development of Cities and Communities", No. 12 "Responsible consumption and production", No. 14 "Conservation of marine resources" and "Global innovative trends in social and humanitarian development". The conducted research allowed to obtain the following results: - approaches to identify technological trends in the context of national Sustainable Development Goals based on the synthesis of methods of patent analysis and analysis of publications have been developed; - an up-to-date list of technological trends was formed for those Sustainable Development Goals, the tasks of which contain the words - "based on innovative or new technologies", "based on scientific research"; - the identified trends are used as the basis for informing experts during conducting foresight studies to identify new priority areas of scientific and technological development in Ukraine in 2019 and to assess the areas proposed by experts as priority.
Technology is the fundamental factor of social change, offering new opportunities for the production, storage and dissemination of knowledge. This is especially true in the military sphere, because progress in military technology can have both positive and negative consequences: improved capabilities for measures to mobilize and use force, or more powerful capabilities for cause harm and destruction. Current innovations in artificial intelligence, robotics, autonomous systems, space technology, 3D printing, biotechnology, materials science and quantum computing will bring unprecedented transformations. Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming the "defining technology of the future", both in everyday life and in the military sphere. For developing a military potential suitable for the geostrategic challenges of the present and the future, it is important to navigate military innovations and new technologies, which is what this work is devoted to. Based on the analysis of publications of the international analytical and consulting organizations, foreign governments, NATO, SIPRI, the Munich Security Conference, the EU the latest forecasts for the introduction and adaptation of new technologies and methods originating from the civilian sector into military programs were presented. In particular, this applies to technologies of the fourth industrial revolution - artificial intelligence, robotics, autonomy, cybersecurity, etc., as well as space, nuclear technologies, technologies of new materials, biotechnologies - for military transformation. The future of military success will now belong to those who design, build and use combinations of information technology with existing technology and military capabilities to form a new combat force - smart, interconnected, distributed and digital. This change manifests itself in new forms of war - hyper war, memetic war, cyberspace war. The future scientific and technological landscape in the military sphere will be characterized (and at the same time guided) by the following: - Intelligence: built-in artificial intelligence, advanced analytics and decision-making capabilities across the entire technology spectrum. - Autonomy: autonomous systems with artificial intelligence that are capable of up to a certain level of autonomous decision-making. Such autonomous systems can be robotic, platform-based, or (digital) agents. - Humanistic intelligence: seamless integration of psycho-socio-technological systems supporting human and machine connectivity, as well as synergistic behaviour. - Interconnection: overlay of real and virtual domains, including sensors, organizations, institutions, individuals, autonomous agents and processes.
Climate change is a major global development challenge with potentially serious threats to the global economy and international security due to increased risks related to energy security, food and drinking water, stable ecosystems, and risks to human health and life. The climate crisis continues unabated as the world community evades the full responsibility needed to overcome it. Despite the sharp reduction in human activity due to the COVID-19 crisis, which led to a 6% reduction in emissions projected for 2020, emissions are expected to increase with the lifting of restrictions. Governments and businesses must use the learned lessons and opportunities arising from this crisis to accelerate the transitions needed to reach the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework Program for Disaster Risk Reduction for 2015-2030. If the world does not act urgently now, the catastrophic effects of climate change will be far greater than the current pandemic. We need to rethink our relationship with the environment and make systemic shifts and transformational changes to become economies with low greenhouse gas emissions and resilience to climate change. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sets out the framework for addressing this issue, including the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal No. 13 "Climate Action". Ukraine, as a party to the Paris Agreement to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, is committed to making a national contribution to achieving the goals of sustainable low-carbon economic development and increasing its ability to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change, in particular by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The achievement of the SDG No. 13, approved taking into account the specifics of Ukraine's development, is envisaged using innovative technologies to limit greenhouse gas emissions (National Task No. 13.1 "Limiting greenhouse gas emissions in the economy"). The Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information performed research for the prospects of scientific and technological areas in the field of "Air" to determine innovative technologies for limiting greenhouse gas emissions and implementing the national task No. 13.1. Identifying the world's promising scientific and technological areas of research and existing technologies is an important and necessary step in determining the topics of effective research and technological forecasting in Ukraine. To determine innovative technologies for limiting greenhouse gas emissions, scientists of the Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information have performed the following: 1) improving the methodology of scientific and technological forecasting using the patent landscape and intellectual property analytics; 2) determination of the world's most promising scientific and technological areas. The study was carried out on the basis of scientific publications in the international database Web of Science and patents in the international database Derwent Innovation. Promising scientific directions in the "Air" thematic field are the following Top-10 directions: utilization of carbon dioxide; air filtration; air quality monitoring; silicone membranes; multistage processes; air purification; emission inventory; dust collector; chemical cleaning; catalytic methods. Promising technological areas in the "Air" thematic field are the following Top-10 areas: air quality monitoring; air filtration; air purification; air sensors; chemical cleaning; gas drying; dust collector; flocculation; adsorption; multistage processes. Comparative analysis of the research results in scientific and technological areas gives grounds for the conclusion that in the thematic area "Air" the priority technological areas in the world are the following: air quality monitoring; air filtration; multistage processes; air purification; dust collector; chemical cleaning.
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