Introduction: No definitive treatment is available for Lupus. Moringaoleiferais one of promisingnovel treatments in Lupus trough anti inflammation and immunosupresion. Mean platelet volume andneutrophil to lymphocyte ratio used to measure degree of lupus activities. Objective: Our study wasaimed to identify the effect of Moringaoleiferaextract on the Mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in lupus. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in 30 lupus patients,located in the rheumatology clinic at Moewardi General Hospital in January-March 2019. The studygroup was divided into two groups: the treatment research group received 2 grams of moringa extractper day and the placebo group. The study was conducted for 4 weeks and was evaluated when thestudy was completed. MPV and NLR examination using a hemocytometer. Statistical analysis wasperformed using paired T test, independent T-test. The p value was considered significant when the p < 0.05. Results: The results showed a decrease in MPV (delta MPV = 4.141; r 0.656; p-0.02) anda decrease in Neurophil to lymfocyte ratio (delta NLR = 4.1391; r 0.489; p-0.04) Conclusion: Thestudy demonstrated the effect of Moringaoleiferaleaf extract on reduced Mean platelet volume andneutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in lupus Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.68-73

Background: Lupus nephritis is a disease which currently has no definitive therapy. For lupus nephritis, histological examination remains the best option to assess the degree of disease activity, which is essential for therapy evaluation and monitoring. At present, there is no single laboratory that can be used to assess disease activity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the correlation between renal activity index and C3 complement expression in mouse lupus nephritis model. Research methods: The study was conducted on male mice. Lupus was induced using intraperitoneal pristane injection at 0.5 cc, then left for four months. At the end of the 4th month, the mice were sacrificed, and histological examination of mice's kidneys and renal C3 complement expressions were evaluated. Statistical tests were done using t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation test, with a significance level of P <0.05. Results: activity index on histological examination of mouse kidney in such aspects as glomerular proliferation, karyorrhexis, and fibrinoid necrosis, cellular crescents, hyaline deposits, and interstitial inflammation were associated with C3 complement expression in kidney tissue (r = 0.680; p = 0.001) Conclusion: The study demonstrateds that the activity index in kidney histological examination correlates with C3 complement expressions in the lupus nephritis model.

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Background: In the current COVID-19 pandemic, the number of hospital visits was significantly decreased. There was a decrease in the number of outpatient visits from 9911 patients in January to 5586 patients in May 2020 in UNS hospital. This study aims to know the association the level of stress, hospital service quality, and fear of COVID 19 with hospital visits at UNS Hospital. Research methods: The study was conducted at UNS Hospital in July 2020 using the questionnaire method. Research tools with hospital service quality questionnaire, stress level questionnaire, fear for COVID-19 scale. The patient group was divided into two, the on-time outpatient group, which always met the schedule visit doctor, and the loss of follow-up outpatient, which was a late schedule to the hospital. Statistical test using t-test and Mann Whitney test, p < 0,05. Results: The COVID-19 fear score (14.8 + 6.89) and the stress level (13.95 + 6.1) were higher in the out of follow-up outpatients compared to on-time outpatients. While the hospital service quality scores were quite right in all study groups and were not significantly different in the two groups (mean 21.70 + 2.08). The results showed that the lost follow-up outpatients were associated with COVID-19 fear scores (p = 0.001) and stress levels (p = 0.001), and were not related to hospital quality service levels. Conclusion: The level of stress and fear of COVID 19 decrease hospital visits at UNS Hospital.

COVID-19 increases vulnerability for populations living in regions significantly impacted by the adverse effects of climate change. There is currently no definitive treatment for COVID-19. Colchicine is a drug that can reduce the severity of COVID-19 by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. This study aims to determine the effect of colchicine administration on the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) levels in COVID-19 patients. This study was conducted at the UNS Hospital in February-March 2021. The inclusion criteria were moderate-grade COVID-19 patients. HsCRP and NLR examinations were carried out before and after giving the treatment. The treatment group received 2x0.5 mg colchicine for 7 days and standard therapy, while the control group received placebo and standard therapy. Statistical test using paired t-test and independent t-test. P is significant if p is less than 0.05. The study subjects were 40 patients, with 20 patients in the control group and 20 in the treatment group. There was a decrease in NLR and HsCRP levels in the treatment group before therapy (NLR = 7.89 + 3.45; HsCRP = 5.41 + 3.24 mg/dL) compared to after therapy (NLR = 3.59 + 2.25; HsCRP = 1.41 + 1.13 mg/dL) with p = 0.001. Colchicine reduces the degree of NLR and HsCRP in COVID-19 patients.

Thrombocytopenia and hypercoagulopathy are haematological abnormalities commonly seen in individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The difficulty arises when the patient has both diseases concurrently. The clinician should be able to comprehend the pathophysiology of these patient abnormalities in order to provide the best treatment possible. We present a case of a 20-year-old female COVID-19 patient with a history of SLE who had thrombocytopenia but normal D-dimer results. Our analysis revealed that the thrombocytopenia may have been caused by a relapse of lupus, not by COVID-19 infection. In this case, glucocorticoids were the primary therapy and produced excellent results.

Background: Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and can be an important factor in the prognosis. The innate immune response to a respiratory infection is characterised by an influx of neutrophils to the lungs, particularly the alveoli. A sustained release of anti-inflammatory cytokines may lead to widespread apoptosis of lymphocytes, resulting in lymphopenia. Hs-CRP is an indicator of COVID-19 inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyse Neutrophilto-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Hs-CRP in order to predict mortality in COVID-19 patients. Research methods: This research was conducted at Moewardi Hospital in July 2020. The subjects were COVID-19 patients. NLR is neutrophils divided by lymphocytes using a haematology analyser. The examination of Hs-CRP was conducted utilizing the ELISA method. Statistical test with an independent T-test and cox proportional hazard analysis with p <0.05 was also used. Results: The results showed that Hs-CRP and NLR increased in COVID-19 patients who later died and obtained lower levels of surviving (p = 0.001 and p = 0.11). Hs-CRP increased the risk of death for COVID-19 patients (p = 0.18; HR = 1.036) and NLR also increased the risk of death for COVID-19 patients (p = 0.08; HR = 1.34) Conclusion: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Hs-CRP predicted mortality in COVID-19 patients

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects target organs. mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium has immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties in lupus. Methyl prednisolone is a standard drug for lupus with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to compare the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium administration compared to methyl prednisolone on interleukin 10 levels and the degree of pulmonary vasculitis of lupus mice. Methods: The subjects were 24 female mice of Mus musculus Balb/C strain, which were categorized into 4 groups of 8 mice, i.e. the control group receiving 0.5 cc of 0.9% NaCl injection and placebo, the lupus group receiving 0.5 cc of pristane injection and placebo, and the treatment mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium group receiving 0.5 cc pristane injection and mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium 0,5 cc, and methylprednisolone group receiving 0,5 cc pristiane injection and methylprednisolone p.o 1,5 mg/kgbodyweight. After 24 days the mice were terminated and kidney and blood samples were taken. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test followed by independent T-test. The p value was considered significant when the p < 0.05. Results: The study showed that there was no difference on the levels of interleukin level10 among mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium goup and methyl prednisolone group (CM = 5,94 ± 2,49 pg/mL, mp = 5,86+1,73 pg/mL; p = 1) and the degree of pulmonary vasculitis (CM= 1,94 ± 0,25, MP=1,89+ 0,11 pg/ml; p = 0.667). Mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium as good as methyl prednisolone in decreasing levels of interleukin 10 and the degree of pulmonary vasculitis in lupus mice. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium as good as methyl prednisolone in decreasing levels of interleukin 10 and the degree of pulmonary vasculitis in lupus mice Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.426-430