<p>Sejauh ini, penelitian perbanyakan somatik embriogenesis baik untuk penyediaan semaian batang bawah maupun varietas komersial jeruk menghasilkan laju multiplikasi yang relatif lambat. Kombinasi antara perbanyakan melalui metode somatik embriogenesis dengan penggunaan bioreaktor, diharapkan mampu meningkatkan laju produksi kalus embrionik menjadi planlet. Kajian awal dilakukan menggunakan nuselus Kalamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) sebagai sumber kalus. Kalus yang dihasilkan diinduksi dan diperbanyak menjadi kalus embrionik dan embrio dengan cara dikulturkan pada shaker (100 rpm) serta bulb bioreactor. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah membandingkan produksi embrio Kalamondin melalui teknologi somatik embriogenesis pada kultur cair menggunakan shaker dan bioreaktor. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, dari September 2008 sampai dengan Desember 2009. Pada tahapan perbanyakan embrio dengan metode shaker, diperoleh bahwa rerata kemampuan kalus menghasilkan embrio dalam kultur selama 10 minggu ialah 18,12 embrio/g kalus. Dengan kisaran waktu yang sama, total embrio yang dihasilkan 3 g kalus/300 cc media cair di dalam bioreaktor menghasilkan 46 embrio/g kalus atau setara 2,53 kali dibandingkan metode shaker. Embrio yang tumbuh pada bioreaktor dapat berkembang hampir 100% menjadi planlet. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa aplikasi bioreaktor untuk tujuan perbanyakan massal embrio Kalamondin memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap laju multiplikasinya.</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>So far, research on somatic embryogenesis for rootstock and citrus commercial varieties has been faced by low multiplication rate of embryos. Combination of somatic embryogenesis method and bioreactor hypothezed can increase multiplication rate of embryos and improve regeneration of embryogenic calli to produce plantlets. Kalamondin explants were inducted and proliferated to be embryonic calli and embryos using both shaker (100 rpm) and bulb bioreactor. The aimed of this research was to compare the production of Kalamondin embryos through somatic embryogenesis method on liquid media using shaker and bulb bioreactor. Research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute from September 2008 to December 2009. Kalamondin nucelus as a callus source was used in this research. Results of the study indicated that the average of embryos production through shaker technique within 10 weeks of culture incubation was 18.12 embryos/g callus, while application of bioreactor imrpoved embryo productivity up to 46 embryos/g calli (3 g/300 cc media). The multiplication rate using the bioreactor increased up to 2.53 fold compare to shaker method. Results of the study give the real evidence that application of biorector for in vitro mass propagation of Kalamondin embryos had high significant effect on embryo multiplication rate.</p>
To reduce the dependence of bulbs as planting material, the innovation technology of shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) cultivation with using true shallot seed (TSS) as planting material was tried. Four cultivars namely Bima Brebes, Trisula, Tuk Tuk, and Sanren were planted at Laleten Village, Malaka District, from April to December 2018. TSS seedlings were raised with a 10x15cm planting spacing or 2,000 plants/30m−2. The aim of this research was to evaluate the using TSS at the shallot cultivation in the areas where the farmers have never carried out such technology. The vegetative growth of all varieties is not significantly different. The productive plants are range from 70 to 75% of population, which the highest was Trisula. The bulbs number/plant highest in Bima Brebes. The number and fresh bulbs weight/bed were 2,293 – 4,601 bulbs and 19.8 – 31.5kgs, respectively. Bulbs weight loss during storage was about 48-65%, which the driest bulbs was Tuk Tuk. The estimated of fresh production was only 5.28 to 8.41 tons/ha. It means that in dry conditions with farmers have not mastered yet on shallot cultivation by using TSS as planting material, the productivity only reaches 20-40% of the production capacity.
Background: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the growth and bulb yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) varieties grown by TSS with different population.Methods: This study was carried out in the low dry land at Laleten Village, Malaka District, NTT Province, Indonesia, from March to August 2018. We investigated different plant populations per planting hole using a split-plot design with two factors and four replications. The main plot was the varieties (Trisula and Bima Brebes) and the subplots were the seedling population (100, 200 and 300 plants/m2).Result: There was no interaction between varieties and population for any of the measured parameters. The population only affected the plant height at the beginning of plant growth. A high plant population (300 plants/m2) gave the highest production of single bulbs but was negatively correlated with the bulb weight. Trisula variety produced significantly more single bulbs than the Bima Brebes one. The establishment of the TSS-adapted varieties could be recommended in this area.
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) of callus culture in vitro is one of citrus propagation ways for producing free virus and genetically true-to-type plantlets. To induce growing of plantlets derived from this technology, they should be grafted ex vitro onto a citrus rootstock. The research aimed to evaluate the growth performance of citrus plants cv. Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis L.) that used both plantlets and scions as their stocks. The research was conducted at Tlekung Research Station, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute from June 2011 to December 2012. The treatments were done at nursery house by grafting a plantlet and budding a scion onto an eight-month-old Japanese Citroon (JC) rootstock plant. The grafted and budded plants of one-year old were maintained at nursery house then transplanted into the field. In the field, the research was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications and used 15 plants as unit samples. The results showed that the vegetative growth of Siam Kintamani seedling derived from SE or grafted plant was faster than that of budded plant started from 10 to 12 months after treatment in the nersery house. In the field, the growth of SE grafted plant was only significantly different up to 6 months after transplanting. Plantlets produced from SE in vitro propagation can be used as a good alternative stock material for producing healthy citrus plants. Therefore, a further research is required especially on varieties used, reproductive growth and massive planlets production.
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